Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.30
CLM4	[-]	0.258	0.265	0.00275	1.30	0.000524		-0.653	1.29	2.97		0.036	-0.011	0.49	0.12	0.13
CLM4.5	[-]	0.269	0.274	0.00475	1.30	0.000524		-0.646	1.16	3.14		0.037	0.084	0.40	0.090	0.14
CLM5	[-]	0.286	0.299	0.00485	1.30	0.000524		-0.630	0.998	2.72		0.047	0.21	0.57	0.092	0.23

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.184
CLM4	[-]	0.137	0.127	0.000289	0.184	0.000637		-0.0227	0.945	1.26		0.92	-0.54	0.40	0.038	0.056
CLM4.5	[-]	0.213	0.204	0.000273	0.184	0.000637		0.00871	0.802	1.70		1.0	0.50	0.094	0.021	0.42
CLM5	[-]	0.336	0.318	0.000670	0.184	0.000637		0.0543	0.812	2.33		1.2	0.55	0.31	0.068	0.54

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.55
CLM4	[-]	0.221	0.216	0.00426	2.55	0.00428		-0.708	1.13	2.61		0.13	0.20	0.36	0.016	0.18
CLM4.5	[-]	0.260	0.252	0.00675	2.55	0.00428		-0.696	1.12	2.85		0.14	0.25	0.30	0.0096	0.19
CLM5	[-]	0.543	0.529	0.0117	2.55	0.00428		-0.611	0.985	2.36		0.17	0.33	0.50	0.058	0.28

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.0114
CLM4	[-]	0.00555	0.00578	-1.60e-05	0.0112	0.000146		-0.00464	0.341	1.10		1.9	0.78	2.3	0.014	1.2
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0135	0.0134	0.000222	0.0112	0.000146		0.00214	0.442	0.588		2.1	1.2	1.2	0.062	1.2
CLM5	[-]	0.0680	0.0678	0.000595	0.0112	0.000146		0.0504	0.649	0.322		2.7	1.4	1.4	0.43	1.4

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.09
CLM4	[-]	0.212	0.180	0.0309	1.06	0.0305		-0.801	1.20	2.39		0.036	0.084	0.63	0.28	0.22
CLM4.5	[-]	0.297	0.259	0.0371	1.06	0.0305		-0.711	1.02	2.37		0.048	0.16	0.65	0.28	0.26
CLM5	[-]	0.279	0.238	0.0395	1.06	0.0305		-0.731	0.895	2.21		0.046	0.18	0.67	0.19	0.25

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.881
CLM4	[-]	0.245	0.238	0.00161	0.880	0.000520		-0.196	0.701	0.569		0.75	0.49	0.96	0.21	0.58
CLM4.5	[-]	0.288	0.278	0.00191	0.880	0.000520		-0.184	0.710	0.403		0.76	0.51	0.98	0.37	0.63
CLM5	[-]	0.473	0.456	0.00251	0.880	0.000520		-0.130	0.720	0.523		0.80	0.50	0.97	0.43	0.64

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.44
CLM4	[-]	0.280	0.277	0.00977	1.44	-0.00125		-0.178	0.661	1.67		0.57	0.43	0.90	0.074	0.48
CLM4.5	[-]	0.451	0.447	0.0114	1.44	-0.00125		-0.151	0.626	1.72		0.61	0.46	0.89	0.12	0.51
CLM5	[-]	0.899	0.891	0.0180	1.44	-0.00125		-0.0806	0.645	1.89		0.69	0.54	0.96	0.28	0.60

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.10
CLM4	[-]	0.300	0.282	0.0125	1.09	0.00674		-0.315	1.22	2.48		0.22	0.064	0.43	0.13	0.18
CLM4.5	[-]	0.269	0.253	0.0119	1.09	0.00674		-0.327	1.08	2.66		0.22	0.13	0.42	0.12	0.20
CLM5	[-]	0.552	0.527	0.0214	1.09	0.00674		-0.212	1.01	3.41		0.29	0.25	0.47	0.14	0.28

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0283
CLM4	[-]	0.00658	0.00734	4.40e-05	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0264	0.347	1.14		-0.11	0.26	0.12	0.019	0.11
CLM4.5	[-]	-0.00715	-0.00654	7.22e-05	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0154	0.511	0.357		-0.058	-0.39	0.95	0.23	0.068
CLM5	[-]	0.0456	0.0472	0.000382	-0.0281	-0.000156		0.0585	0.756	0.272		-0.29	-0.57	0.99	0.45	0.0041

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.545
CLM4	[-]	0.0907	0.0762	0.0135	-0.550	0.00575		0.219	0.615	1.25		-0.14	0.21	0.82	0.034	0.23
CLM4.5	[-]	0.137	0.123	0.0129	-0.550	0.00575		0.234	0.666	1.09		-0.15	0.029	0.80	0.039	0.15
CLM5	[-]	0.163	0.147	0.0154	-0.550	0.00575		0.244	0.630	1.75		-0.17	0.056	0.59	0.041	0.11

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.00
CLM4	[-]	0.0848	0.0802	0.00369	0.994	0.00608		-0.456	1.01	0.539		0.61	0.45	0.97	0.046	0.51
CLM4.5	[-]	0.159	0.151	0.00612	0.994	0.00608		-0.418	0.980	0.411		0.63	0.51	0.97	0.092	0.54
CLM5	[-]	0.461	0.443	0.0144	0.994	0.00608		-0.255	0.993	0.292		0.73	0.54	0.98	0.42	0.64

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.1
CLM4	[-]	3.18	3.06	0.113	17.0	0.111		-0.298	0.843	1.70		0.29	0.21	0.60	0.074	0.27
CLM4.5	[-]	4.16	4.02	0.140	17.0	0.111		-0.277	0.813	1.68		0.30	0.28	0.57	0.089	0.31
CLM5	[-]	6.55	6.35	0.196	17.0	0.111		-0.224	0.796	1.76		0.34	0.36	0.67	0.14	0.37

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.413
CLM4	[-]	0.0262	0.0248	0.00139	-0.410	-0.00273		0.144	0.271	1.77		-0.0030	0.30	0.68	0.011	0.26
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0336	0.0323	0.00167	-0.410	-0.00273		0.147	0.280	1.44		-0.011	0.27	0.77	0.029	0.27
CLM5	[-]	0.109	0.104	0.00626	-0.410	-0.00273		0.173	0.387	2.44		-0.049	0.062	0.60	0.11	0.16

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.223
CLM4	[-]	0.0210	0.0208	0.000217	-0.223	-0.000381		0.103	0.311	1.16		0.043	0.30	0.73	0.015	0.28
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0404	0.0395	0.000609	-0.223	-0.000381		0.111	0.447	0.874		0.031	0.26	0.82	0.040	0.28
CLM5	[-]	0.0647	0.0636	0.000818	-0.223	-0.000381		0.121	0.581	0.783		0.022	0.20	0.83	0.14	0.28

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.603
CLM4	[-]	0.0598	0.0529	0.00556	0.600	0.00308		-0.519	0.984	2.61		0.13	0.17	0.52	0.029	0.20
CLM4.5	[-]	0.112	0.100	0.00972	0.600	0.00308		-0.464	1.02	2.88		0.15	0.15	0.43	0.076	0.19
CLM5	[-]	0.194	0.176	0.0153	0.600	0.00308		-0.381	0.795	2.27		0.20	0.29	0.69	0.15	0.33

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.18
CLM4	[-]	0.197	0.191	0.00435	1.18	0.000875		-0.679	1.46	0.704		0.53	0.39	0.93	0.17	0.48
CLM4.5	[-]	0.212	0.203	0.00548	1.18	0.000875		-0.669	1.31	0.727		0.54	0.45	0.93	0.17	0.51
CLM5	[-]	0.450	0.434	0.00648	1.18	0.000875		-0.511	1.14	0.527		0.58	0.55	0.96	0.29	0.59

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.411
CLM4	[-]	0.110	0.109	0.00142	0.406	0.00483		-0.154	0.751	0.773		0.67	0.47	0.94	0.11	0.53
CLM4.5	[-]	0.183	0.182	0.00158	0.406	0.00483		-0.115	0.807	0.526		0.69	0.46	0.96	0.22	0.56
CLM5	[-]	0.277	0.276	0.00217	0.406	0.00483		-0.0651	0.766	0.663		0.71	0.45	0.93	0.44	0.60

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.179
CLM4	[-]	0.0740	0.0750	0.000699	0.178	0.00105		-0.0664	0.513	0.934		0.76	0.56	1.0	0.052	0.59
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0898	0.0925	0.000751	0.178	0.00105		-0.0547	0.518	0.909		0.80	0.65	1.1	0.090	0.65
CLM5	[-]	0.142	0.151	0.000657	0.178	0.00105		-0.0138	0.613	1.09		0.85	0.56	1.2	0.21	0.68

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.99
CLM4	[-]	0.666	0.661	0.00258	3.99	0.00401		-1.08	1.38	3.30		0.025	0.089	0.44	0.50	0.23
CLM4.5	[-]	0.804	0.798	0.00406	3.99	0.00401		-1.03	1.25	3.08		0.027	0.15	0.48	0.30	0.22
CLM5	[-]	0.698	0.691	0.00325	3.99	0.00401		-1.07	1.18	3.45		0.026	0.18	0.40	0.31	0.22

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.26
CLM4	[-]	0.139	0.140	0.00261	2.26	0.000612		-0.891	1.45	2.48		0.26	0.24	0.61	0.11	0.29
CLM4.5	[-]	0.284	0.282	0.00579	2.26	0.000612		-0.831	1.27	2.93		0.28	0.28	0.52	0.12	0.30
CLM5	[-]	0.415	0.415	0.00833	2.26	0.000612		-0.775	1.06	1.60		0.31	0.40	0.77	0.29	0.43

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Pg yr-1]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Pg yr-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.0847
CLM4	[-]	0.0356	0.0330	0.00136	0.0819	0.00275		-0.0417	0.502	1.73		0.74	0.50	0.77	0.040	0.51
CLM4.5	[-]	0.0408	0.0378	0.00132	0.0819	0.00275		-0.0375	0.533	2.05		0.76	0.51	0.95	0.041	0.55
CLM5	[-]	0.0805	0.0738	0.00285	0.0819	0.00275		-0.00295	0.581	1.76		0.88	0.87	0.86	0.12	0.72

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Thu Jul 30 15:10:46 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from gC/m2/day to KgC/m2/day.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-nee-GBAF.ncl