Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	44.1
CLM4	[-]	33.4	32.9	44.0	44.2	12.4		-10.8	25.0	1.50		0.26	0.16	0.75	0.79	0.42
CLM4.5	[-]	43.0	42.5	49.2	44.2	12.4		-1.35	17.2	1.43		0.43	0.20	0.76	0.95	0.51
CLM5	[-]	45.4	45.0	52.0	44.2	12.4		1.09	14.3	1.87		0.48	0.27	0.70	0.95	0.53

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	57.5
CLM4	[-]	45.9	46.1	63.1	57.5	20.8		-11.4	22.5	0.597		0.38	0.39	0.95	0.92	0.61
CLM4.5	[-]	48.4	48.5	66.9	57.5	20.8		-9.01	20.5	0.611		0.43	0.41	0.95	0.86	0.61
CLM5	[-]	50.8	50.9	67.0	57.5	20.8		-6.70	20.0	0.772		0.45	0.43	0.94	0.84	0.62

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	52.8
CLM4	[-]	50.8	50.7	56.1	53.0	19.6		-2.02	19.8	0.537		0.55	0.42	0.95	0.96	0.66
CLM4.5	[-]	52.3	52.1	57.5	53.0	19.6		-0.550	17.7	0.541		0.57	0.46	0.95	0.97	0.68
CLM5	[-]	56.3	56.1	61.4	53.0	19.6		3.43	17.7	0.747		0.58	0.49	0.91	0.97	0.69

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	18.0
CLM4	[-]	15.7	16.1	8.52	18.1	5.64		-2.47	21.6	0.527		0.79	0.46	0.96	0.95	0.72
CLM4.5	[-]	15.6	16.0	8.75	18.1	5.64		-2.58	18.6	0.528		0.80	0.52	0.96	0.96	0.75
CLM5	[-]	15.6	16.0	7.19	18.1	5.64		-2.63	19.1	0.548		0.79	0.51	0.96	0.93	0.74

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.1
CLM4	[-]	2.67	0.0105	16.0	22.8	10.8		-18.5	27.9	1.60		0.068	0.12	0.76	0.36	0.28
CLM4.5	[-]	24.0	22.4	31.7	22.8	10.8		2.21	16.8	1.36		0.26	0.16	0.80	0.78	0.43
CLM5	[-]	32.3	31.3	36.9	22.8	10.8		10.5	16.4	1.34		0.31	0.20	0.80	0.87	0.47

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.0
CLM4	[-]	27.6	27.7	24.5	27.1	8.81		0.785	12.7	0.371		0.82	0.65	0.97	0.93	0.80
CLM4.5	[-]	21.8	21.9	25.1	27.1	8.81		-5.08	14.7	0.686		0.76	0.62	0.93	0.97	0.78
CLM5	[-]	20.6	20.5	27.0	27.1	8.81		-6.35	15.9	0.553		0.73	0.60	0.95	0.93	0.76

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.4
CLM4	[-]	34.0	33.8	37.9	28.4	24.4		5.32	19.5	1.01		0.64	0.50	0.88	0.93	0.69
CLM4.5	[-]	32.7	32.4	38.1	28.4	24.4		3.93	19.2	0.921		0.66	0.49	0.89	0.93	0.69
CLM5	[-]	35.5	35.2	39.6	28.4	24.4		6.80	19.3	0.795		0.66	0.52	0.92	0.94	0.71

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CLM4	[-]	33.3	33.1	35.7	40.6	11.0		-7.99	21.7	0.551		0.47	0.44	0.96	0.94	0.65
CLM4.5	[-]	37.9	37.7	41.3	40.6	11.0		-3.11	19.7	0.534		0.54	0.47	0.96	0.84	0.65
CLM5	[-]	37.6	37.1	42.1	40.6	11.0		-3.33	20.5	0.882		0.50	0.46	0.91	0.88	0.64

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	15.2
CLM4	[-]	9.70	10.2	2.25	15.2	3.78		-5.26	21.1	0.793		0.79	0.47	0.95	0.95	0.72
CLM4.5	[-]	6.99	7.38	0.646	15.2	3.78		-8.07	20.0	0.724		0.70	0.50	0.94	0.91	0.71
CLM5	[-]	4.37	4.77	-2.26	15.2	3.78		-10.7	22.1	0.816		0.64	0.49	0.93	0.85	0.68

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	56.5
CLM4	[-]	58.3	58.7	49.3	56.9	15.0		1.34	17.3	0.703		0.70	0.56	0.95	0.89	0.73
CLM4.5	[-]	58.4	58.7	52.3	56.9	15.0		1.47	17.9	0.697		0.69	0.55	0.95	0.81	0.71
CLM5	[-]	59.7	60.1	51.0	56.9	15.0		2.71	15.4	0.540		0.71	0.62	0.96	0.89	0.76

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	20.2
CLM4	[-]	21.2	20.8	29.3	20.4	7.08		1.27	16.0	0.935		0.76	0.57	0.90	0.87	0.74
CLM4.5	[-]	20.4	20.0	28.9	20.4	7.08		0.509	15.7	0.859		0.74	0.60	0.91	0.83	0.73
CLM5	[-]	19.6	19.2	29.0	20.4	7.08		-0.160	16.0	0.832		0.72	0.60	0.92	0.82	0.73

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	34.3
CLM4	[-]	28.7	33.7	8.31	34.6	11.5		-1.01	21.1	0.849		0.56	0.45	0.92	0.93	0.66
CLM4.5	[-]	30.0	35.1	9.33	34.6	11.5		0.459	19.4	0.815		0.59	0.46	0.92	0.94	0.68
CLM5	[-]	31.0	36.8	6.87	34.6	11.5		2.16	19.1	0.881		0.60	0.49	0.91	0.92	0.68

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	22.7
CLM4	[-]	45.1	46.8	43.5	22.8	18.3		24.7	36.1	1.09		0.50	0.50	0.95	0.77	0.64
CLM4.5	[-]	45.2	47.1	43.4	22.8	18.3		25.1	36.2	1.09		0.51	0.50	0.95	0.77	0.64
CLM5	[-]	45.5	48.2	43.0	22.8	18.3		26.2	36.6	1.26		0.51	0.49	0.94	0.78	0.64

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	17.0
CLM4	[-]	13.1	13.9	2.15	17.0	4.51		-3.84	20.0	0.610		0.78	0.52	0.96	0.87	0.73
CLM4.5	[-]	10.6	11.1	2.08	17.0	4.51		-6.38	18.4	0.690		0.74	0.56	0.95	0.91	0.74
CLM5	[-]	9.34	9.87	0.733	17.0	4.51		-7.63	21.0	0.966		0.71	0.51	0.91	0.88	0.70

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	47.7
CLM4	[-]	46.5	46.2	51.6	48.2	15.9		-2.29	22.5	0.615		0.51	0.49	0.94	0.91	0.67
CLM4.5	[-]	47.0	46.5	54.2	48.2	15.9		-1.70	23.7	0.576		0.49	0.48	0.95	0.90	0.66
CLM5	[-]	50.2	49.8	55.9	48.2	15.9		1.46	21.3	0.676		0.51	0.53	0.93	0.88	0.68

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	28.6
CLM4	[-]	23.8	23.7	22.9	28.7	12.1		-4.86	16.7	0.927		0.63	0.40	0.91	0.96	0.66
CLM4.5	[-]	23.5	23.4	25.5	28.7	12.1		-5.26	15.7	0.767		0.63	0.43	0.92	0.88	0.66
CLM5	[-]	30.5	30.4	32.8	28.7	12.1		1.84	14.4	0.637		0.73	0.47	0.93	0.98	0.72

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	26.7
CLM4	[-]	31.1	31.2	20.6	26.9	8.98		4.07	13.8	0.396		0.79	0.66	0.97	0.96	0.81
CLM4.5	[-]	25.5	25.6	22.4	26.9	8.98		-1.44	14.2	0.697		0.82	0.63	0.93	0.96	0.79
CLM5	[-]	24.9	24.9	24.5	26.9	8.98		-1.95	16.2	0.693		0.78	0.59	0.94	0.97	0.78

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	49.7
CLM4	[-]	42.7	42.4	65.8	49.8	11.0		-7.44	17.8	0.621		0.67	0.66	0.94	0.89	0.76
CLM4.5	[-]	41.0	40.6	69.9	49.8	11.0		-9.12	19.5	0.602		0.64	0.64	0.94	0.93	0.76
CLM5	[-]	44.9	44.6	66.6	49.8	11.0		-5.13	17.0	0.824		0.73	0.65	0.92	0.89	0.77

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.2
CLM4	[-]	12.2	12.0	38.3	30.3	13.0		-17.4	26.8	1.65		0.14	0.14	0.78	0.36	0.31
CLM4.5	[-]	29.0	28.8	44.7	30.3	13.0		-0.872	15.8	1.22		0.43	0.19	0.85	0.68	0.47
CLM5	[-]	30.7	30.7	45.7	30.3	13.0		0.943	12.6	1.42		0.43	0.28	0.81	0.70	0.50

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	40.3
CLM4	[-]	36.8	37.0	35.6	40.4	9.36		-3.39	18.0	1.06		0.55	0.34	0.89	0.82	0.59
CLM4.5	[-]	40.1	40.3	38.1	40.4	9.36		-0.0546	15.9	0.881		0.63	0.36	0.92	0.92	0.64
CLM5	[-]	42.8	43.1	40.0	40.4	9.36		2.70	14.4	0.875		0.61	0.43	0.91	0.88	0.65

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Model Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [Watt/m2]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [Watt/m2]		Bias [Watt/m2]	RMSE [Watt/m2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	41.5
CLM4	[-]	59.6	58.7	68.1	42.0	6.56		15.4	33.9	0.801		0.52	0.48	0.93	0.83	0.65
CLM4.5	[-]	59.5	58.8	68.4	42.0	6.56		15.7	33.5	0.709		0.52	0.49	0.94	0.85	0.66
CLM5	[-]	62.7	62.0	68.8	42.0	6.56		18.5	33.8	0.746		0.50	0.51	0.94	0.83	0.66

Africa - Central Africa - Sahel Africa - South Asia - East Siberia Asia - Indonesia Asia - North Central Asia - South Central Asia and China Asia - Southeast Asia and India Asia - West Siberia Australia Europe Globe Middle East and Sahara North America - Alaska and Northern Canada North America - Central America North America - Eastern United States North America - Southern Canada North America - Western United States South America - Amazon South America - Southeast South America - Southwest Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  creation_date: Tue Jul 28 15:54:11 PDT 2015

  Conventions: Please contact Prof. James Randerson (Email: jranders@uci.edu) or Dr. Mingquan Mu (mmu@uci.edu) for any question

  source_file: This product is generated from monthly Global Biosphere Amtospher Flux (GBAF) observations

  title: derived GBAF in 0.5x0.5

  Approach: I read this variable from data file, and then save the data in NetCDF format by each month and each year. Meanwhile, I also converted the unit from MJoule*m-2*d-1 to Watt/m2.

  Temporal resolution: monthly

  General information: This product was derived from Monthly estimates of global biosphere-atmosphere fluxes from Biogeochemistry group at Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany.

  Spatial resolution: 0.5x0.5 degree

  Derived data code: http://redwood.ess.uci.edu/mingquan/www/ILAMB/Download/CODES/CODES/subroutines/convert/convert-sh-GBAF.ncl