Mean State

Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 2.70
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 5.44 -0.529 1.67 4.08 0.450 0.00 0.244 0.173
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 4.85 -2.32 2.66 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
CanESM2 [-] 3.74 1.95 1.24 5.03 0.00 0.00 0.0717 0.0179
CanESM5 [-] 6.63 0.346 2.13 3.07 0.640 0.00 0.494 0.283
CESM1-BGC [-] 5.18 -2.41 2.63 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
CESM2 [-] 5.47 -2.45 2.70 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 4.42 -1.70 2.06 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 2.54 -2.50 2.79 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 6.34 -2.68 2.92 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 3.73 -2.33 2.55 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
MeanCMIP5 [-] 5.02 -1.27 1.60 0.00 0.0674
MeanCMIP6 [-] 3.72 -2.14 2.44 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
MIROC-ESM [-] 1.66 -1.04 1.20 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 4.99 -2.70 2.95 3.07 0.00 0.00 0.494 0.123
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 1.20 -1.50 2.05 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
NorESM1-ME [-] 6.50 -2.53 2.78 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
NorESM2-LM [-] 3.51 -2.56 2.85 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 3.55 -2.40 2.56 0.00 0.0753
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 1.73 -2.70 2.95 4.08 0.00 0.00 0.244 0.0610
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 4.21
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 8.46 4.25 4.15 4.08 0.00 0.463 0.244 0.292
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 5.20 0.992 1.92 2.03 0.584 0.446 0.749 0.556
CanESM2 [-] 6.51 2.29 2.56 2.03 0.0365 0.610 0.749 0.501
CanESM5 [-] 9.26 5.05 5.17 0.00 0.00 0.636 1.00 0.568
CESM1-BGC [-] 11.4 7.23 8.43 1.02 0.00 0.182 0.933 0.324
CESM2 [-] 5.95 1.74 2.14 1.02 0.269 0.580 0.933 0.590
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 9.53 5.32 5.40 2.03 0.00 0.496 0.749 0.435
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 5.27 1.05 1.43 1.02 0.557 0.541 0.933 0.643
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 9.03 4.81 5.01 1.02 0.00 0.648 0.933 0.557
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 5.83 1.62 1.92 1.02 0.320 0.640 0.933 0.633
MeanCMIP5 [-] 9.26 5.09 4.96 6.05 0.00 0.629 7.41e-05 0.315
MeanCMIP6 [-] 7.07 2.86 3.17 0.00 0.00 0.638 1.00 0.569
MIROC-ESM [-] 9.45 5.24 3.92 1.02 0.00 0.244 0.933 0.355
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 4.43 0.222 1.05 1.02 0.907 0.611 0.933 0.765
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 9.23 5.01 5.53 5.10 0.00 0.249 0.0631 0.140
NorESM1-ME [-] 11.6 7.42 6.62 6.05 0.00 0.224 7.41e-05 0.112
NorESM2-LM [-] 6.05 1.84 2.23 3.02 0.227 0.615 0.506 0.491
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 9.88 5.72 5.90 6.05 0.00 0.0111 7.41e-05 0.00558
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 9.41 5.20 5.24 5.10 0.00 0.359 0.0631 0.195
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 2.80
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 2.11 -0.779 1.71 0.813 0.259 0.202 0.865 0.382
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 2.51 -0.205 1.81 0.915 0.384 0.155 0.875 0.392
CanESM2 [-] 2.25 -0.625 1.91 0.977 0.284 0.199 0.859 0.385
CanESM5 [-] 3.27 0.356 2.00 0.784 0.292 0.183 0.905 0.391
CESM1-BGC [-] 2.37 -0.393 1.98 1.04 0.290 0.120 0.853 0.346
CESM2 [-] 2.29 -0.567 1.93 0.877 0.294 0.139 0.912 0.371
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 2.24 -0.609 1.86 0.870 0.300 0.169 0.838 0.369
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 1.45 -1.25 2.08 1.02 0.160 0.151 0.822 0.321
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 3.50 0.946 2.45 0.828 0.163 0.108 0.878 0.314
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 2.14 -0.828 1.80 0.741 0.272 0.190 0.865 0.379
MeanCMIP5 [-] 2.55 -0.243 1.62 0.816 0.347 0.236 0.892 0.428
MeanCMIP6 [-] 2.49 -0.285 1.57 0.733 0.383 0.240 0.909 0.443
MIROC-ESM [-] 2.56 -0.240 1.80 0.703 0.289 0.183 0.941 0.399
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 2.60 -0.122 1.97 1.11 0.278 0.153 0.820 0.351
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 3.54 0.649 2.12 0.683 0.224 0.159 0.916 0.364
NorESM1-ME [-] 2.64 -0.0780 1.97 0.986 0.311 0.122 0.867 0.355
NorESM2-LM [-] 2.29 -0.526 1.91 0.908 0.265 0.159 0.909 0.373
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 2.29 -0.443 2.00 1.12 0.281 0.0921 0.853 0.330
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 2.42 -0.228 2.03 0.980 0.282 0.0916 0.896 0.340
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 2.31
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 1.50 -0.744 1.43 0.361 0.296 0.196 0.970 0.415
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 2.13 0.0714 1.36 0.623 0.526 0.158 0.963 0.451
CanESM2 [-] 1.78 -0.414 1.42 0.634 0.353 0.231 0.949 0.441
CanESM5 [-] 2.37 0.163 1.22 0.527 0.502 0.230 0.959 0.480
CESM1-BGC [-] 1.35 -0.921 1.74 0.828 0.228 0.0662 0.939 0.325
CESM2 [-] 2.12 -0.104 1.51 0.582 0.421 0.122 0.955 0.405
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 1.84 -0.362 1.62 0.500 0.294 0.147 0.952 0.385
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 1.27 -0.931 1.68 0.834 0.147 0.118 0.911 0.324
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 3.35 1.07 2.03 0.606 0.202 0.0917 0.965 0.337
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 1.73 -0.664 1.35 0.554 0.362 0.214 0.956 0.437
MeanCMIP5 [-] 1.88 -0.394 1.17 0.411 0.466 0.240 0.974 0.480
MeanCMIP6 [-] 2.10 -0.137 1.11 0.499 0.530 0.284 0.965 0.516
MIROC-ESM [-] 1.99 -0.375 1.40 0.463 0.270 0.204 0.969 0.412
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 2.55 0.492 1.83 0.769 0.289 0.136 0.959 0.380
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 2.73 0.485 1.36 0.405 0.293 0.234 0.973 0.434
NorESM1-ME [-] 1.45 -0.790 1.71 0.689 0.288 0.0604 0.952 0.340
NorESM2-LM [-] 2.06 -0.124 1.50 0.606 0.342 0.137 0.956 0.393
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 1.52 -0.789 1.68 0.616 0.250 0.101 0.941 0.349
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 2.03 -0.189 1.37 0.580 0.424 0.142 0.954 0.415
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]
Bias [g m-2 d-1]
RMSE [g m-2 d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 9.91
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 5.84 -4.08 4.92 3.03 0.00 0.169 0.483 0.205
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 5.16 -4.75 5.55 3.04 0.119 0.101 0.500 0.205
CanESM2 [-] 0.370 -9.54 9.76 2.36 0.00 0.206 0.674 0.271
CanESM5 [-] 3.29 -6.62 6.97 2.02 0.00 0.219 0.731 0.292
CESM1-BGC [-] 7.23 -2.68 4.37 2.36 0.341 0.133 0.674 0.320
CESM2 [-] 5.44 -4.47 4.83 1.34 0.00 0.152 0.878 0.295
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 4.76 -5.15 5.41 4.75 0.00 0.149 0.175 0.118
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 3.20 -6.71 7.22 4.75 0.00 0.175 0.175 0.132
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 5.77 -4.14 4.95 3.04 0.00 0.0878 0.500 0.169
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 6.76 -3.15 3.67 4.73 0.0397 0.215 0.172 0.160
MeanCMIP5 [-] 5.28 -4.62 5.04 1.68 0.00 0.164 0.751 0.270
MeanCMIP6 [-] 5.41 -4.50 4.95 2.36 0.00 0.189 0.674 0.263
MIROC-ESM [-] 6.26 -3.65 4.27 1.01 0.0202 0.103 0.904 0.282
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 6.05 -3.87 4.28 5.41 0.00 0.176 0.0400 0.0982
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 3.80 -6.11 6.71 1.66 0.00 0.0946 0.812 0.250
NorESM1-ME [-] 8.00 -1.91 3.76 1.68 0.338 0.0963 0.822 0.338
NorESM2-LM [-] 6.44 -3.48 4.00 1.34 0.0200 0.167 0.878 0.308
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 8.61 -1.30 3.30 1.68 0.336 0.00 0.751 0.272
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 4.29 -5.62 6.60 1.66 0.00 0.00 0.812 0.203

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
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MODEL MEAN
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BIAS
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BIAS SCORE
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RMSE
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RMSE SCORE
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BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
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MODEL MAX MONTH
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DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
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SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
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Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
bcc-csm1-1
Data not available
Data not available
BCC-CSM2-MR
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM2
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM5
Data not available
Data not available
CESM1-BGC
Data not available
Data not available
CESM2
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM2G
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM4
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM5A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM6A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP5
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP6
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM2L
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM-LR
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM1-ME
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM2-LM
Data not available
Data not available
UK-HadGEM2-ES
Data not available
Data not available
UKESM1-0-LL
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:
2015

  Institutions:
FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:
Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:
Fluxnet variable(s) used: RECO_DT_VUT_REF