Mean State

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Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]
Bias [mm d-1]
RMSE [mm d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 0.873
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 2.81 0.303 2.11 1.02 0.327 0.00 0.933 0.315
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 3.21 -0.180 1.12 1.03 0.600 0.00 0.930 0.383
CanESM2 [-] 3.30 1.38 1.94 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.930 0.233
CanESM5 [-] 3.78 0.839 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
CESM1-BGC [-] 2.98 0.242 1.55 2.03 0.461 0.00 0.749 0.303
CESM2 [-] 3.10 -0.446 1.17 0.00 0.00965 0.00 1.00 0.252
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 4.19 0.689 2.53 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 3.91 -0.131 1.16 1.03 0.708 0.00 0.930 0.410
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 2.59 -0.808 1.65 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.930 0.233
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 3.43 0.275 1.13 1.03 0.388 0.00 0.930 0.330
MeanCMIP5 [-] 3.42 0.152 1.13 0.663 0.00
MeanCMIP6 [-] 3.06 -0.198 0.964 1.03 0.560 0.00 0.930 0.373
MIROC-ESM [-] 4.84 0.673 1.61 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.745 0.186
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 4.40 0.376 0.779 1.03 0.164 0.0312 0.930 0.289
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 4.95 -0.331 1.24 1.03 0.265 0.00 0.930 0.299
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 3.25 -0.694 1.34 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.930 0.233
NorESM1-ME [-] 3.35 -0.0137 0.905 1.03 0.970 0.00 0.930 0.475
NorESM2-LM [-] 1.94 -0.653 1.32 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.930 0.233
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 2.31 -0.172 0.838 0.617 0.0221
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 2.10 -0.215 0.986 1.03 0.523 0.00 0.930 0.363
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]
Bias [mm d-1]
RMSE [mm d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 4.75
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 7.25 2.50 6.60 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 7.54 2.79 6.66 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
CanESM2 [-] 6.44 1.69 2.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
CanESM5 [-] 8.78 4.03 6.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
CESM1-BGC [-] 8.28 3.54 5.58 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
CESM2 [-] 9.74 4.99 8.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 10.4 5.66 7.83 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 7.74 2.99 5.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 11.2 6.43 8.63 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 8.99 4.25 6.90 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
MeanCMIP5 [-] 7.28 2.49 3.37 0.00 0.00 0.130 1.00 0.315
MeanCMIP6 [-] 7.36 2.61 4.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
MIROC-ESM [-] 6.76 2.02 4.19 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 4.98 0.236 3.87 0.00 0.854 0.00 1.00 0.464
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 5.05 0.305 3.75 0.00 0.811 0.00 1.00 0.453
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 6.39 1.65 4.68 2.03 0.00 0.00 0.749 0.187
NorESM1-ME [-] 6.78 2.04 4.82 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.933 0.233
NorESM2-LM [-] 7.06 2.31 4.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.250
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 4.80 0.0139 2.59 0.00 0.991 0.0532 1.00 0.524
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 6.14 1.40 3.41 1.02 0.137 0.00 0.933 0.267
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]
Bias [mm d-1]
RMSE [mm d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 2.18
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 2.14 -0.0111 2.10 2.08 0.374 0.00943 0.657 0.263
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 2.20 0.0441 2.12 1.85 0.367 0.0123 0.708 0.275
CanESM2 [-] 1.79 -0.301 2.09 1.86 0.302 0.0204 0.700 0.261
CanESM5 [-] 2.18 0.0570 2.22 1.51 0.295 0.0144 0.773 0.274
CESM1-BGC [-] 2.56 0.330 2.10 1.74 0.344 0.0169 0.732 0.277
CESM2 [-] 2.28 0.0635 2.07 1.85 0.387 0.0123 0.713 0.281
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 2.43 0.275 2.10 1.71 0.343 0.0107 0.712 0.269
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 2.59 0.517 2.19 1.41 0.272 0.0121 0.777 0.268
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 2.14 0.144 2.20 1.99 0.248 0.0125 0.674 0.237
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 2.80 0.642 2.51 1.56 0.249 0.0171 0.751 0.258
MeanCMIP5 [-] 2.29 0.164 1.72 1.70 0.360 0.0707 0.736 0.310
MeanCMIP6 [-] 2.38 0.252 1.73 1.66 0.325 0.0802 0.725 0.303
MIROC-ESM [-] 2.57 0.403 2.12 1.75 0.295 0.00833 0.710 0.255
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 2.63 0.483 2.12 2.00 0.307 0.0110 0.664 0.248
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 2.45 0.309 2.30 2.01 0.231 0.00583 0.643 0.221
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 2.32 0.346 2.28 1.58 0.205 0.00602 0.741 0.240
NorESM1-ME [-] 2.44 0.210 2.06 1.91 0.373 0.0160 0.704 0.277
NorESM2-LM [-] 2.18 -0.0580 2.03 1.89 0.357 0.0237 0.686 0.272
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 2.23 0.128 2.14 1.65 0.387 0.0111 0.729 0.285
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 2.24 0.136 2.19 2.03 0.345 0.00715 0.668 0.257
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]
Bias [mm d-1]
RMSE [mm d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 1.37
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 1.85 0.451 1.34 2.56 0.449 0.0130 0.476 0.238
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 1.82 0.418 1.29 1.98 0.472 0.00844 0.634 0.281
CanESM2 [-] 1.53 0.107 1.31 1.66 0.408 0.00870 0.716 0.285
CanESM5 [-] 1.80 0.429 1.38 1.40 0.408 0.0130 0.762 0.299
CESM1-BGC [-] 2.00 0.538 1.27 1.98 0.334 0.0356 0.667 0.268
CESM2 [-] 1.78 0.312 1.21 1.90 0.505 0.0283 0.663 0.306
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 1.94 0.567 1.39 1.32 0.360 0.00846 0.786 0.291
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 1.98 0.608 1.42 1.08 0.403 0.00737 0.871 0.322
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 1.90 0.464 1.38 2.06 0.430 0.00588 0.601 0.261
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 2.08 0.592 1.49 1.49 0.291 0.00484 0.768 0.267
MeanCMIP5 [-] 1.89 0.457 1.06 2.07 0.446 0.109 0.619 0.321
MeanCMIP6 [-] 1.90 0.480 1.04 1.49 0.426 0.156 0.771 0.377
MIROC-ESM [-] 2.17 0.717 1.44 1.69 0.186 0.0117 0.731 0.235
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 2.08 0.706 1.41 1.46 0.270 0.0323 0.780 0.279
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 1.92 0.567 1.38 1.62 0.372 0.00932 0.772 0.291
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 2.01 0.592 1.41 1.32 0.214 0.00898 0.808 0.260
NorESM1-ME [-] 1.89 0.415 1.19 2.01 0.450 0.0355 0.623 0.286
NorESM2-LM [-] 1.87 0.379 1.24 2.17 0.439 0.0671 0.579 0.288
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 1.74 0.268 1.28 2.18 0.489 0.0209 0.594 0.281
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 1.89 0.476 1.36 2.35 0.433 0.0148 0.551 0.254
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [mm d-1]
Bias [mm d-1]
RMSE [mm d-1]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 6.38
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 2.97 -3.41 6.30 3.37 0.152 0.00 0.514 0.167
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 2.80 -3.59 5.95 2.02 0.00 0.0642 0.697 0.206
CanESM2 [-] 1.41 -4.98 6.28 1.34 0.00 0.151 0.804 0.277
CanESM5 [-] 2.15 -4.23 6.01 1.34 0.00 0.0320 0.804 0.217
CESM1-BGC [-] 4.54 -1.84 5.61 3.02 0.0407 0.00 0.415 0.114
CESM2 [-] 3.87 -2.51 5.50 1.34 0.191 0.00 0.804 0.249
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 3.02 -3.37 5.42 1.34 0.113 0.00 0.804 0.229
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 3.75 -2.64 5.81 1.68 0.0864 0.00 0.711 0.199
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 2.69 -3.70 6.12 1.34 0.0640 0.00 0.804 0.217
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 5.62 -0.766 4.38 1.34 0.124 0.176 0.804 0.320
MeanCMIP5 [-] 3.22 -3.00 4.96 1.68 0.189 0.129 0.711 0.289
MeanCMIP6 [-] 4.03 -2.35 4.69 1.68 0.178 0.0913 0.711 0.268
MIROC-ESM [-] 4.23 -2.15 4.81 2.35 0.133 0.00 0.724 0.214
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 6.65 0.266 4.01 1.34 0.320 0.00 0.804 0.281
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 1.90 -4.48 6.34 3.35 0.0186 0.00 0.443 0.115
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 3.72 -2.67 5.46 1.34 0.143 0.00 0.804 0.237
NorESM1-ME [-] 5.29 -1.10 5.10 1.34 0.189 0.0210 0.804 0.259
NorESM2-LM [-] 4.35 -2.03 5.99 2.02 0.142 0.00 0.697 0.210
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 4.87 -1.35 5.05 2.02 0.0588 0.00537 0.696 0.191
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 3.90 -2.48 5.79 2.69 0.145 0.00 0.647 0.198

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
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MODEL MEAN
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BIAS
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BIAS SCORE
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RMSE
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RMSE SCORE
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BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
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MODEL MAX MONTH
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DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
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SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
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Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
bcc-csm1-1
Data not available
Data not available
BCC-CSM2-MR
Data not available
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CanESM2
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM5
Data not available
Data not available
CESM1-BGC
Data not available
Data not available
CESM2
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM2G
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM4
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM5A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM6A-LR
Data not available
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MeanCMIP5
Data not available
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MeanCMIP6
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM
Data not available
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MIROC-ESM2L
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM1.2-HR
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM1-ME
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM2-LM
Data not available
Data not available
UK-HadGEM2-ES
Data not available
Data not available
UKESM1-0-LL
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:
2015

  Institutions:
FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:
Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:
Fluxnet variable(s) used: P_F