Mean State

Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 369.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 402. 9.96 21.6 1.02 0.460 0.193 0.933 0.445
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 403. 8.00 12.1 1.02 0.567 0.552 0.933 0.651
CanESM2 [-] 402. 7.48 21.0 2.05 0.595 0.211 0.745 0.440
CanESM5 [-] 402. -1.25 18.7 1.02 0.932 0.103 0.933 0.518
CESM1-BGC [-] 402. 1.68 14.5 2.05 0.909 0.361 0.745 0.594
CESM2 [-] 413. 18.0 20.2 0.00 0.0238 0.355 1.00 0.433
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 400. 13.3 23.0 1.02 0.276 0.250 0.933 0.427
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 402. 11.9 25.6 1.02 0.356 0.106 0.933 0.375
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 370. -41.6 39.8 1.02 0.00 0.398 0.933 0.432
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 397. -3.43 14.6 2.05 0.814 0.268 0.745 0.524
MeanCMIP5 [-] 395. -4.45 10.8 0.759 0.398
MeanCMIP6 [-] 402. 4.38 14.0 2.05 0.763 0.414 0.745 0.584
MIROC-ESM [-] 394. 9.55 18.1 1.02 0.482 0.233 0.933 0.470
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 403. 13.3 26.5 1.02 0.277 0.105 0.933 0.355
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 396. 1.36 14.9 2.05 0.926 0.301 0.745 0.568
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 401. 8.83 22.5 2.05 0.521 0.101 0.745 0.367
NorESM1-ME [-] 393. -4.02 17.1 2.05 0.782 0.139 0.745 0.451
NorESM2-LM [-] 402. -0.801 13.4 2.05 0.957 0.373 0.745 0.612
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 387. -20.2 20.1 0.00 0.378
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 400. 2.85 10.5 1.02 0.845 0.570 0.933 0.729
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 421.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 416. -4.88 12.8 5.10 0.610 0.265 0.0631 0.301
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 421. 0.107 6.89 1.02 0.991 0.595 0.933 0.779
CanESM2 [-] 424. 3.34 10.0 1.02 0.733 0.431 0.933 0.632
CanESM5 [-] 422. 1.17 6.38 5.03 0.907 0.662 0.0717 0.576
CESM1-BGC [-] 422. 1.25 8.82 5.03 0.900 0.495 0.0717 0.491
CESM2 [-] 426. 5.40 12.7 2.03 0.568 0.321 0.749 0.490
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 413. -8.03 8.59 5.10 0.357 0.585 0.0631 0.398
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 417. -3.91 7.92 1.02 0.687 0.544 0.933 0.677
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 409. -11.8 10.1 0.00 0.0529 0.694 1.00 0.610
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 421. 0.674 7.85 6.05 0.946 0.539 7.41e-05 0.506
MeanCMIP5 [-] 416. -4.43 5.93 5.10 0.646 0.688 0.0631 0.521
MeanCMIP6 [-] 422. 0.940 6.97 1.02 0.925 0.602 0.933 0.766
MIROC-ESM [-] 409. -11.3 13.1 2.98 0.0940 0.571 0.515 0.438
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 418. -2.24 17.9 1.02 0.821 0.00 0.933 0.438
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 414. -6.71 11.7 1.02 0.463 0.385 0.933 0.541
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 404. -16.7 20.0 2.03 0.00 0.396 0.749 0.385
NorESM1-ME [-] 418. -3.15 9.55 5.03 0.748 0.432 0.0717 0.421
NorESM2-LM [-] 428. 7.56 11.5 1.02 0.395 0.546 0.933 0.605
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 417. -3.29 5.96 6.05 0.737 0.643 7.41e-05 0.506
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 421. 0.580 6.44 1.02 0.954 0.627 0.933 0.785
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 301.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 311. 3.03 22.2 0.485 0.370 0.0970 0.952 0.379
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 309. -0.0990 20.9 0.452 0.482 0.0914 0.954 0.405
CanESM2 [-] 309. 0.985 21.4 0.453 0.453 0.0598 0.960 0.383
CanESM5 [-] 308. 0.411 20.4 0.477 0.453 0.0885 0.957 0.397
CESM1-BGC [-] 308. -2.13 19.3 0.419 0.414 0.109 0.954 0.396
CESM2 [-] 317. 8.10 21.5 0.548 0.292 0.0851 0.948 0.353
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 312. 3.01 21.3 0.422 0.402 0.0925 0.960 0.387
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 312. 3.51 20.7 0.636 0.363 0.0823 0.940 0.367
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 295. -11.6 25.5 0.582 0.206 0.0801 0.952 0.329
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 313. 3.72 21.4 0.669 0.344 0.111 0.941 0.377
MeanCMIP5 [-] 309. -0.0857 16.7 0.405 0.441 0.269 0.965 0.486
MeanCMIP6 [-] 313. 4.30 16.7 0.430 0.391 0.283 0.963 0.480
MIROC-ESM [-] 315. 7.44 22.7 0.412 0.228 0.118 0.957 0.355
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 317. 9.76 25.1 0.381 0.253 0.0538 0.968 0.332
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 314. 5.95 21.0 0.476 0.343 0.0822 0.954 0.365
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 312. 3.41 19.5 0.564 0.379 0.106 0.945 0.384
NorESM1-ME [-] 306. -3.71 21.3 0.422 0.275 0.0855 0.962 0.352
NorESM2-LM [-] 318. 8.59 21.2 0.510 0.269 0.117 0.954 0.364
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 308. -1.31 20.8 0.426 0.423 0.0869 0.963 0.390
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 308. -0.435 20.9 0.540 0.476 0.0906 0.948 0.401
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 280.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 282. 2.24 20.5 0.277 0.428 0.0684 0.972 0.384
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 279. -1.34 19.8 0.168 0.563 0.0315 0.989 0.404
CanESM2 [-] 283. 1.16 20.6 0.279 0.598 0.0351 0.981 0.412
CanESM5 [-] 282. 0.875 19.2 0.251 0.573 0.0907 0.983 0.434
CESM1-BGC [-] 277. -3.66 18.8 0.140 0.438 0.0871 0.991 0.401
CESM2 [-] 290. 9.29 21.3 0.168 0.232 0.0822 0.989 0.346
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 280. 0.841 19.6 0.223 0.465 0.0735 0.985 0.399
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 285. 4.20 21.1 0.279 0.381 0.0279 0.981 0.354
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 270. -10.0 23.3 0.251 0.250 0.0234 0.983 0.320
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 287. 5.10 21.7 0.223 0.480 0.0658 0.985 0.399
MeanCMIP5 [-] 281. 0.127 15.1 0.266 0.556 0.223 0.982 0.496
MeanCMIP6 [-] 285. 4.44 15.9 0.195 0.397 0.238 0.987 0.465
MIROC-ESM [-] 292. 9.84 23.6 0.279 0.167 0.0752 0.981 0.325
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 286. 5.40 25.2 0.195 0.287 0.00180 0.987 0.319
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 289. 7.99 21.9 0.251 0.303 0.0260 0.983 0.334
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 286. 5.58 19.4 0.140 0.371 0.0749 0.991 0.378
NorESM1-ME [-] 276. -6.47 19.8 0.168 0.331 0.0620 0.989 0.361
NorESM2-LM [-] 290. 8.50 19.3 0.195 0.251 0.139 0.987 0.379
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 279. -3.86 21.3 0.295 0.440 0.0630 0.980 0.387
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 279. -2.81 21.2 0.251 0.554 0.0403 0.983 0.404
Download Data
Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]
Bias [W m-2]
RMSE [W m-2]
Phase Shift [months]
Bias Score [1]
RMSE Score [1]
Seasonal Cycle Score [1]
Overall Score [1]
Benchmark [-] 415.
bcc-csm1-1 [-] 411. -3.77 7.75 1.67 0.698 0.554 0.691 0.624
BCC-CSM2-MR [-] 411. -4.35 7.77 5.03 0.652 0.558 0.0725 0.460
CanESM2 [-] 416. 0.848 8.91 2.67 0.894 0.503 0.592 0.623
CanESM5 [-] 420. 4.89 13.0 2.01 0.609 0.365 0.709 0.512
CESM1-BGC [-] 412. -2.94 8.62 4.00 0.765 0.510 0.343 0.532
CESM2 [-] 417. 1.79 9.68 2.35 0.704 0.535 0.646 0.605
GFDL-ESM2G [-] 402. -12.7 12.7 1.33 0.0486 0.480 0.754 0.441
GFDL-ESM4 [-] 409. -5.92 10.4 5.03 0.526 0.429 0.0725 0.364
IPSL-CM5A-LR [-] 395. -19.9 19.3 1.67 0.00 0.488 0.691 0.417
IPSL-CM6A-LR [-] 408. -7.05 8.11 2.35 0.436 0.645 0.646 0.593
MeanCMIP5 [-] 406. -8.58 8.24 1.02 0.313 0.708 0.833 0.641
MeanCMIP6 [-] 414. -0.672 5.28 1.67 0.862 0.701 0.691 0.739
MIROC-ESM [-] 403. -12.3 15.5 3.36 0.118 0.469 0.381 0.359
MIROC-ESM2L [-] 423. 7.62 14.6 2.01 0.397 0.481 0.709 0.517
MPI-ESM-LR [-] 410. -5.17 8.83 4.35 0.586 0.503 0.197 0.447
MPI-ESM1.2-HR [-] 416. 1.08 10.3 5.39 0.897 0.406 0.0813 0.448
NorESM1-ME [-] 409. -5.56 9.34 0.683 0.496 0.592 0.915 0.649
NorESM2-LM [-] 417. 1.66 7.76 1.67 0.760 0.579 0.691 0.652
UK-HadGEM2-ES [-] 407. -8.04 8.97 1.69 0.357 0.654 0.788 0.613
UKESM1-0-LL [-] 413. -1.80 6.27 5.03 0.856 0.628 0.0725 0.546

Temporally integrated period mean

BENCHMARK MEAN
Data not available
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MODEL MEAN
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BIAS
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BIAS SCORE
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RMSE
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RMSE SCORE
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BENCHMARK MAX MONTH
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MODEL MAX MONTH
Data not available
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DIFFERENCE IN MAX MONTH
Data not available
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SEASONAL CYCLE SCORE
Data not available
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Spatially integrated regional mean

MODEL COLORS
Data not available
REGIONAL MEAN
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available
MONTHLY ANOMALY
Data not available
ANNUAL CYCLE
Data not available

All Models

Benchmark
Data not available
Data not available
bcc-csm1-1
Data not available
Data not available
BCC-CSM2-MR
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM2
Data not available
Data not available
CanESM5
Data not available
Data not available
CESM1-BGC
Data not available
Data not available
CESM2
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM2G
Data not available
Data not available
GFDL-ESM4
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM5A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
IPSL-CM6A-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP5
Data not available
Data not available
MeanCMIP6
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM
Data not available
Data not available
MIROC-ESM2L
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM-LR
Data not available
Data not available
MPI-ESM1.2-HR
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM1-ME
Data not available
Data not available
NorESM2-LM
Data not available
Data not available
UK-HadGEM2-ES
Data not available
Data not available
UKESM1-0-LL
Data not available
Data not available

Data Information

  Title:
FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:
2015

  Institutions:
FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:
Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:
Fluxnet variable(s) used: LW_IN_F