Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.81
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	1.82		0.00961	1.24	0.258		0.738	0.545	0.984	0.703
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.16		0.344	1.49	0.596		0.718	0.481	0.959	0.660
CanESM5	[-]	1.88		0.0681	1.07	0.681		0.754	0.593	0.951	0.723
CESM2	[-]	2.32		0.512	1.70	0.556		0.664	0.483	0.953	0.646
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	1.46		-0.350	1.28	0.388		0.662	0.548	0.977	0.684
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	1.31		-0.507	1.36	0.215		0.651	0.551	0.989	0.686
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.04		0.232	1.06	0.344		0.760	0.600	0.978	0.735
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	2.84		1.02	2.00	0.595		0.489	0.475	0.961	0.600
NorESM2-LM	[-]	2.26		0.443	1.62	0.344		0.642	0.489	0.970	0.647
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.41		0.597	1.51	0.215		0.623	0.525	0.986	0.665

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.71
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.19		-0.521	1.90	0.982		0.529	0.455	0.847	0.572
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.56		-0.141	1.84	1.10		0.581	0.430	0.856	0.574
CanESM5	[-]	3.30		0.592	2.04	0.884		0.532	0.458	0.899	0.587
CESM2	[-]	2.32		-0.385	2.02	0.838		0.542	0.411	0.911	0.569
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	1.49		-1.22	2.05	1.09		0.424	0.431	0.844	0.533
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	2.18		-0.545	1.88	0.907		0.512	0.459	0.864	0.573
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.53		-0.184	1.59	0.743		0.597	0.484	0.913	0.620
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	2.64		-0.0732	2.04	1.40		0.518	0.439	0.796	0.548
NorESM2-LM	[-]	2.33		-0.384	1.98	0.982		0.514	0.418	0.885	0.559
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.44		-0.260	2.01	1.12		0.540	0.404	0.857	0.551

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	1.92
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	0.641		-1.33	1.78	1.13		0.324	0.389	0.918	0.505
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	1.20		-0.719	1.76	1.46		0.373	0.382	0.835	0.493
CanESM5	[-]	3.29		1.37	2.39	1.12		0.331	0.347	0.907	0.483
CESM2	[-]	0.969		-0.952	1.77	1.35		0.344	0.351	0.846	0.473
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	0.498		-1.42	1.90	2.15		0.297	0.360	0.718	0.434
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	1.07		-0.854	1.89	2.37		0.338	0.373	0.679	0.441
MeanCMIP6	[-]	1.27		-0.654	1.49	1.24		0.490	0.401	0.870	0.540
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	0.808		-1.11	2.08	2.38		0.225	0.370	0.602	0.392
NorESM2-LM	[-]	0.982		-0.939	1.85	1.91		0.341	0.335	0.786	0.450
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	0.583		-1.34	2.07	2.14		0.289	0.333	0.733	0.422

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.866
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	0.905		0.0389	1.20	0.440		0.392	0.353	0.971	0.517
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	1.27		0.404	1.16	2.34		0.533	0.297	0.667	0.448
CanESM5	[-]	1.99		1.12	1.52	0.440		0.433	0.375	0.971	0.538
CESM2	[-]	1.20		0.338	1.24	1.60		0.642	0.207	0.789	0.461
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	0.690		-0.175	0.682	1.16		0.676	0.398	0.911	0.596
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	2.38		1.51	1.72	0.440		0.356	0.311	0.971	0.487
MeanCMIP6	[-]	1.39		0.522	1.02	0.874		0.634	0.371	0.944	0.580
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	0.413		-0.452	1.31	4.50		0.260	0.336	0.145	0.269
NorESM2-LM	[-]	1.39		0.523	1.34	2.04		0.427	0.242	0.691	0.400
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	0.601		-0.265	1.01	3.64		0.514	0.337	0.380	0.392

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.79
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	3.04		0.248	1.78	0.650		0.660	0.511	0.947	0.657
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.94		0.150	1.85	0.519		0.662	0.464	0.958	0.637
CanESM5	[-]	3.61		0.819	2.06	0.621		0.570	0.499	0.934	0.625
CESM2	[-]	2.21		-0.573	1.70	0.633		0.660	0.486	0.949	0.645
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	1.55		-1.24	2.12	1.04		0.478	0.466	0.896	0.576
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	1.99		-0.796	1.86	0.548		0.568	0.506	0.951	0.633
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.73		-0.0596	1.49	0.504		0.702	0.536	0.958	0.683
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	2.66		-0.130	1.77	0.519		0.633	0.497	0.953	0.645
NorESM2-LM	[-]	2.31		-0.483	1.72	0.633		0.642	0.486	0.949	0.641
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	2.85		0.0626	1.93	0.848		0.631	0.453	0.917	0.613

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.56
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.77		-3.79	4.35	4.55		0.173	0.367	0.133	0.260
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	7.66		1.10	2.92	2.55		0.496	0.388	0.691	0.491
CanESM5	[-]	7.69		1.13	2.69	1.53		0.501	0.441	0.811	0.548
CESM2	[-]	7.47		0.907	2.90	1.53		0.466	0.371	0.811	0.505
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	4.58		-1.98	3.09	1.53		0.445	0.393	0.811	0.510
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	6.00		-0.565	2.75	1.53		0.358	0.391	0.823	0.490
MeanCMIP6	[-]	5.94		-0.621	2.62	1.53		0.358	0.424	0.867	0.518
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	8.15		1.59	3.05	2.55		0.595	0.376	0.485	0.458
NorESM2-LM	[-]	7.95		1.38	2.85	1.53		0.550	0.409	0.671	0.510
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	8.36		1.79	3.30	1.53		0.645	0.352	0.823	0.543

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	4.46
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	2.14		-2.32	3.20	2.50		0.331	0.365	0.535	0.399
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	3.37		-1.09	2.80	2.11		0.395	0.365	0.653	0.444
CanESM5	[-]	5.13		0.669	3.40	1.24		0.320	0.398	0.819	0.484
CESM2	[-]	4.78		0.321	3.53	1.16		0.326	0.340	0.844	0.462
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	2.55		-1.91	3.09	2.21		0.274	0.363	0.583	0.396
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	4.83		0.372	2.72	2.06		0.394	0.377	0.621	0.442
MeanCMIP6	[-]	4.31		-0.153	2.48	1.43		0.431	0.405	0.792	0.508
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	4.17		-0.290	2.66	2.20		0.440	0.387	0.588	0.451
NorESM2-LM	[-]	4.83		0.368	3.36	1.58		0.259	0.352	0.791	0.439
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	4.25		-0.246	3.70	1.55		0.348	0.263	0.767	0.411

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.578
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	0.0417		-0.536	0.801	2.27		0.418	0.383	0.757	0.485
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	0.243		-0.336	0.596	2.40		0.603	0.464	0.749	0.570
CanESM5	[-]	0.294		-0.284	0.629	1.40		0.561	0.458	0.863	0.585
CESM2	[-]	0.610		0.0322	1.13	0.771		0.436	0.280	0.932	0.482
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	0.599		0.0210	0.560	0.129		0.731	0.453	0.988	0.656
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	0.432		-0.236	0.679	0.517		0.641	0.472	0.969	0.638
MeanCMIP6	[-]	0.417		-0.162	0.655	0.517		0.608	0.435	0.966	0.611
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	0.485		-0.0936	0.719	3.67		0.492	0.413	0.523	0.461
NorESM2-LM	[-]	0.530		-0.0485	0.982	1.89		0.477	0.293	0.757	0.455
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	0.265		-0.314	0.657	2.27		0.588	0.435	0.757	0.554

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.81
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	1.97		-0.838	1.98	0.957		0.489	0.437	0.911	0.568
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	2.44		-0.333	1.84	1.28		0.583	0.424	0.847	0.570
CanESM5	[-]	3.23		0.421	2.07	1.13		0.572	0.427	0.892	0.580
CESM2	[-]	1.98		-0.828	2.21	0.890		0.513	0.366	0.909	0.538
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	1.30		-1.51	2.20	0.955		0.380	0.410	0.901	0.526
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	2.01		-0.794	1.91	1.05		0.508	0.444	0.878	0.569
MeanCMIP6	[-]	2.31		-0.493	1.74	0.842		0.554	0.457	0.914	0.596
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	2.59		-0.215	2.35	1.67		0.471	0.407	0.762	0.512
NorESM2-LM	[-]	1.85		-0.955	2.12	1.04		0.492	0.377	0.879	0.531
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	1.95		-0.857	1.94	1.12		0.531	0.403	0.836	0.543

Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: RECO_DT_VUT_REF