Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.190
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.207		-0.0169	0.844	1.39		0.872	0.458	0.755	0.635
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	0.0746		0.264	1.19	2.76		0.581	0.323	0.483	0.428
CanESM5	[-]	-0.0396		0.150	1.06	1.77		0.680	0.359	0.560	0.490
CESM2	[-]	-0.134		0.0561	0.941	1.85		0.771	0.414	0.405	0.501
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.365		-0.175	1.10	2.15		0.874	0.420	0.633	0.587
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.119		0.0706	0.864	4.37		0.760	0.427	0.329	0.486
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.104		0.0853	0.801	1.22		0.752	0.465	0.714	0.599
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.129		0.0608	1.32	2.07		0.789	0.335	0.629	0.522
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.117		0.0728	0.915	1.56		0.767	0.435	0.529	0.542
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.102		0.0875	1.10	2.86		0.745	0.360	0.585	0.512

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.666
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.379		0.294	1.68	1.89		0.540	0.407	0.781	0.534
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.0639		0.603	1.95	2.34		0.429	0.337	0.627	0.433
CanESM5	[-]	-0.0296		0.637	1.98	2.19		0.416	0.357	0.740	0.468
CESM2	[-]	-0.185		0.476	1.71	2.07		0.476	0.418	0.770	0.521
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.541		0.125	1.81	2.20		0.585	0.383	0.684	0.509
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.235		0.434	1.74	2.76		0.492	0.386	0.600	0.466
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.164		0.502	1.62	1.74		0.465	0.439	0.783	0.531
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.292		0.374	1.80	1.84		0.512	0.395	0.759	0.515
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.185		0.481	1.69	2.03		0.474	0.423	0.790	0.527
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.137		0.524	1.81	2.27		0.457	0.379	0.579	0.449

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.474
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.110		0.513	1.37	2.39		0.585	0.313	0.355	0.392
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.0224		0.451	1.35	1.79		0.551	0.373	1.01	0.578
CanESM5	[-]	0.0136		0.487	1.81	3.71		0.523	0.296	0.134	0.312
CESM2	[-]	-0.0629		0.411	1.36	3.26		0.579	0.367	0.445	0.439
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.209		0.265	1.46	2.24		0.682	0.358	0.315	0.428
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.0776		0.396	1.59	2.24		0.591	0.315	0.761	0.495
MeanCMIP6	[-]	0.0410		0.515	1.35	2.70		0.506	0.381	0.338	0.402
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	0.0277		0.501	1.35	1.57		0.524	0.383	0.561	0.462
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.0357		0.438	1.31	3.50		0.559	0.379	0.716	0.509
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.0186		0.455	1.34	2.02		0.546	0.352	0.357	0.401

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.0726
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.134		-0.0612	0.595	1.74		0.181	0.0697	-0.0141	0.0765
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.0399		0.0328	0.904	2.04		-0.163	0.0146	1.34	0.301
CanESM5	[-]	0.00953		0.0821	1.14	4.47		-0.448	-0.00414	-0.371	-0.207
CESM2	[-]	-0.0767		-0.00408	0.924	3.06		0.000268	-0.0166	-0.293	-0.0815
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.227		-0.154	0.692	1.59		0.249	-0.0529	-0.581	-0.109
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.176		-0.104	1.10	4.34		0.156	-0.0476	1.49	0.387
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.0813		-0.00870	0.680	1.16		-0.136	0.0232	-0.367	-0.114
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	0.0407		0.113	0.536	1.73		-0.551	0.396	-0.464	-0.0556
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.0586		0.0140	0.833	5.32		-0.116	0.0425	0.237	0.0513
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.0283		0.0443	0.682	0.581		-0.202	-0.0265	1.05	0.198

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.899
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.489		0.410	1.86	1.46		0.551	0.454	0.862	0.580
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.104		0.794	2.29	2.13		0.442	0.357	0.616	0.443
CanESM5	[-]	-0.0636		0.835	2.20	1.85		0.430	0.410	0.773	0.506
CESM2	[-]	-0.248		0.651	1.87	1.58		0.478	0.468	0.808	0.555
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.575		0.323	2.03	2.17		0.555	0.425	0.768	0.543
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.287		0.611	1.92	2.56		0.495	0.427	0.589	0.485
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.271		0.628	1.81	1.33		0.490	0.475	0.857	0.574
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.419		0.480	1.97	1.37		0.524	0.430	0.854	0.560
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.259		0.640	1.87	1.50		0.485	0.473	0.808	0.560
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.182		0.717	2.02	2.00		0.463	0.431	0.694	0.504

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.384
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-1.56		-1.18	1.92	0.508		1.86	0.350	0.856	0.853
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.520		-0.136	1.74	1.52		0.588	0.295	0.540	0.429
CanESM5	[-]	-0.0225		0.362	1.90	1.52		0.118	0.252	1.14	0.441
CESM2	[-]	-0.135		0.250	1.91	1.52		0.222	0.335	1.14	0.508
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-1.08		-0.693	1.92	0.508		1.19	0.263	1.08	0.698
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.262		0.122	1.71	0.508		0.341	0.367	0.856	0.483
MeanCMIP6	[-]	0.128		0.512	1.87	1.52		-0.0216	0.374	1.14	0.467
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.370		0.0140	1.84	5.54		0.443	0.339	-0.0813	0.260
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.107		0.277	1.95	1.52		0.196	0.396	1.14	0.532
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.150		0.235	2.30	1.52		0.236	0.363	1.14	0.526

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.664
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.606		0.0578	1.69	2.27		0.376	0.308	0.664	0.414
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.133		0.531	1.71	2.75		0.249	0.230	0.491	0.300
CanESM5	[-]	-0.0709		0.593	1.92	2.85		0.239	0.186	0.581	0.298
CESM2	[-]	-0.168		0.437	1.49	2.79		0.297	0.291	0.597	0.369
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.859		-0.196	1.80	2.13		0.516	0.194	0.646	0.388
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.182		0.482	1.70	2.61		0.281	0.244	0.553	0.331
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.0564		0.607	1.54	2.70		0.227	0.339	0.495	0.350
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.154		0.510	1.54	2.42		0.285	0.291	0.583	0.363
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.153		0.511	1.54	2.56		0.270	0.298	0.503	0.342
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.0781		0.533	1.86	2.69		0.227	0.158	0.334	0.219

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.124
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.00411		0.120	0.678	1.77		0.775	0.376	0.831	0.589
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	0.0335		0.158	0.765	2.03		0.734	0.342	0.709	0.532
CanESM5	[-]	-0.000698		0.124	0.687	1.65		0.773	0.376	0.579	0.526
CESM2	[-]	-0.0111		0.113	0.741	2.29		0.789	0.355	0.667	0.541
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.143		-0.0186	0.760	1.15		0.846	0.376	0.900	0.624
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.0194		0.119	0.721	2.04		0.797	0.410	0.477	0.523
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.00802		0.116	0.613	1.40		0.777	0.418	0.965	0.645
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.00456		0.120	0.828	2.16		0.768	0.288	0.707	0.513
NorESM2-LM	[-]	0.00631		0.131	0.721	2.16		0.760	0.363	0.799	0.571
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.00837		0.116	0.650	1.77		0.778	0.389	0.804	0.590

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	-0.747
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	-0.311		0.436	2.04	2.45		0.516	0.382	0.761	0.510
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-0.0532		0.697	2.28	2.44		0.435	0.346	0.653	0.445
CanESM5	[-]	0.0123		0.760	2.36	2.11		0.422	0.347	0.823	0.484
CESM2	[-]	-0.188		0.559	2.10	2.22		0.485	0.397	0.836	0.528
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	-0.570		0.177	2.10	2.58		0.596	0.389	0.622	0.499
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	-0.285		0.462	2.08	2.46		0.517	0.379	0.627	0.475
MeanCMIP6	[-]	-0.167		0.580	1.98	2.11		0.476	0.428	0.817	0.537
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	-0.369		0.378	2.16	1.99		0.541	0.388	0.740	0.514
NorESM2-LM	[-]	-0.199		0.549	2.06	2.12		0.489	0.399	0.883	0.542
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	-0.160		0.587	2.13	2.53		0.477	0.376	0.488	0.429

Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: NEE_VUT_REF