Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	132.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	137.		4.60	25.5	0.127		0.907	0.716	0.992	0.832
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	126.		-6.33	30.8	0.508		0.896	0.675	0.966	0.803
CanESM5	[-]	141.		8.13	25.4	0.297		0.865	0.731	0.980	0.827
CESM2	[-]	133.		0.672	25.2	0.890		0.902	0.721	0.922	0.816
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	130.		-2.08	22.3	0.424		0.914	0.748	0.972	0.846
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	142.		9.26	28.4	0.297		0.858	0.705	0.980	0.812
MeanCMIP6	[-]	136.		3.26	18.5	0.381		0.920	0.786	0.975	0.867
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	134.		1.12	23.9	0.381		0.897	0.734	0.975	0.835
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	137.		5.01	25.9	0.381		0.889	0.720	0.975	0.826
NorESM2-LM	[-]	129.		-3.64	29.4	0.635		0.879	0.689	0.958	0.804
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	139.		6.94	23.8	0.212		0.886	0.740	0.986	0.838

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	167.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	178.		11.1	34.8	0.429		0.785	0.660	0.968	0.768
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	167.		0.0632	33.3	0.539		0.848	0.645	0.961	0.775
CanESM5	[-]	179.		12.1	31.5	0.474		0.819	0.675	0.964	0.783
CESM2	[-]	176.		8.43	29.6	0.459		0.837	0.687	0.961	0.793
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	167.		-0.588	28.0	0.469		0.866	0.692	0.962	0.803
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	173.		5.34	33.2	0.539		0.825	0.654	0.958	0.773
MeanCMIP6	[-]	174.		6.24	23.9	0.429		0.861	0.740	0.967	0.827
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	173.		5.86	28.5	0.489		0.856	0.688	0.960	0.798
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	174.		6.48	30.7	0.479		0.831	0.676	0.962	0.786
NorESM2-LM	[-]	175.		7.17	30.9	0.504		0.833	0.675	0.959	0.785
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	179.		11.8	30.3	0.519		0.808	0.689	0.960	0.786

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	229.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	250.		21.1	42.7	1.02		0.652	0.609	0.885	0.689
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	241.		11.9	36.4	1.02		0.853	0.617	0.865	0.738
CanESM5	[-]	247.		18.0	38.2	1.02		0.782	0.618	0.865	0.721
CESM2	[-]	237.		7.28	34.4	1.02		0.846	0.622	0.844	0.734
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	239.		10.1	34.7	0.909		0.876	0.619	0.873	0.747
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	235.		5.91	38.5	1.14		0.812	0.578	0.865	0.708
MeanCMIP6	[-]	240.		10.3	29.4	0.909		0.874	0.680	0.873	0.777
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	234.		4.59	35.1	1.02		0.837	0.614	0.853	0.730
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	246.		16.3	34.5	1.14		0.750	0.649	0.865	0.728
NorESM2-LM	[-]	237.		7.64	36.9	1.36		0.847	0.597	0.789	0.708
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	248.		18.4	36.0	1.14		0.761	0.650	0.878	0.734

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	236.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	248.		11.8	29.3	0.874		0.851	0.695	0.942	0.796
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	232.		-4.14	32.0	0.874		0.916	0.654	0.942	0.792
CanESM5	[-]	240.		3.70	35.4	1.02		0.951	0.614	0.932	0.778
CESM2	[-]	241.		4.68	26.1	0.871		0.907	0.721	0.942	0.823
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	231.		-4.88	25.7	1.02		0.904	0.716	0.932	0.817
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	226.		-10.4	39.0	0.871		0.846	0.606	0.942	0.750
MeanCMIP6	[-]	235.		-1.06	24.7	1.02		0.936	0.720	0.932	0.827
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	240.		3.64	29.9	0.874		0.949	0.665	0.942	0.805
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	235.		-0.995	30.2	0.874		0.904	0.668	0.942	0.796
NorESM2-LM	[-]	235.		-1.21	31.0	0.726		0.910	0.674	0.952	0.802
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	239.		2.86	25.4	1.02		0.924	0.715	0.932	0.821

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	146.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	155.		9.56	31.6	0.315		0.848	0.692	0.979	0.803
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	140.		-5.63	34.0	0.430		0.883	0.658	0.972	0.793
CanESM5	[-]	154.		8.85	29.6	0.473		0.857	0.710	0.965	0.810
CESM2	[-]	155.		9.16	28.6	0.358		0.864	0.723	0.970	0.820
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	140.		-5.69	27.1	0.358		0.899	0.720	0.972	0.828
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	151.		5.25	33.9	0.516		0.834	0.679	0.960	0.788
MeanCMIP6	[-]	149.		3.64	22.5	0.358		0.892	0.770	0.972	0.851
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	152.		6.21	27.1	0.358		0.877	0.720	0.972	0.823
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	146.		0.0485	28.4	0.301		0.900	0.704	0.980	0.822
NorESM2-LM	[-]	154.		8.12	28.5	0.373		0.869	0.719	0.971	0.820
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	157.		11.0	30.2	0.401		0.836	0.712	0.973	0.808

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	177.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	226.		49.2	51.6	0.00		0.233	0.562	1.00	0.589
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	199.		22.4	41.5	0.00		0.515	0.351	1.00	0.554
CanESM5	[-]	238.		60.7	69.8	0.00		0.166	0.403	1.00	0.493
CESM2	[-]	199.		21.6	32.1	0.00		0.527	0.469	1.00	0.616
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	226.		49.2	52.0	0.00		0.234	0.565	1.00	0.591
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	218.		41.5	42.4	0.00		0.293	0.528	1.00	0.587
MeanCMIP6	[-]	223.		46.5	49.3	0.00		0.253	0.573	1.00	0.600
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	224.		47.1	56.3	2.03		0.248	0.407	0.749	0.453
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	241.		64.3	73.7	0.00		0.149	0.404	1.00	0.489
NorESM2-LM	[-]	213.		36.4	44.0	1.02		0.341	0.442	0.933	0.539
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	215.		38.3	39.1	0.00		0.322	0.555	1.00	0.608

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	212.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	247.		35.4	51.6	0.871		0.425	0.379	0.926	0.527
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	240.		28.1	45.4	0.626		0.512	0.391	0.959	0.563
CanESM5	[-]	237.		25.1	42.4	0.483		0.574	0.406	0.963	0.587
CESM2	[-]	227.		15.4	36.8	0.242		0.638	0.423	0.984	0.617
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	230.		18.5	37.6	0.577		0.641	0.412	0.934	0.600
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	226.		14.4	40.5	0.533		0.629	0.389	0.945	0.588
MeanCMIP6	[-]	233.		21.6	34.6	0.385		0.599	0.496	0.969	0.640
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	226.		14.3	36.0	0.580		0.696	0.438	0.945	0.629
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	245.		33.1	47.8	0.871		0.414	0.392	0.914	0.528
NorESM2-LM	[-]	226.		14.0	39.9	0.386		0.644	0.392	0.969	0.599
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	241.		29.3	43.4	0.966		0.488	0.421	0.902	0.558

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	96.6
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	93.6		-2.97	25.1	0.381		0.891	0.795	0.975	0.864
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	86.6		-9.92	32.7	0.254		0.839	0.752	0.983	0.831
CanESM5	[-]	99.2		2.68	22.3	0.127		0.927	0.805	0.992	0.882
CESM2	[-]	86.7		-9.83	26.1	0.127		0.871	0.792	0.992	0.861
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	87.6		-8.96	25.4	0.254		0.910	0.790	0.983	0.868
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	98.0		1.42	26.0	0.254		0.925	0.776	0.983	0.865
MeanCMIP6	[-]	90.6		-5.94	20.0	0.254		0.897	0.839	0.983	0.889
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	91.9		-4.69	21.6	0.381		0.941	0.811	0.975	0.884
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	92.6		-3.94	32.4	0.381		0.851	0.744	0.975	0.828
NorESM2-LM	[-]	80.8		-15.8	31.7	0.508		0.839	0.763	0.966	0.833
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	98.5		1.96	21.1	0.381		0.920	0.814	0.975	0.881

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	181.
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	187.		6.15	36.1	0.405		0.806	0.688	0.973	0.789
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	180.		-1.15	28.7	0.582		0.907	0.704	0.961	0.819
CanESM5	[-]	194.		12.4	30.7	0.453		0.842	0.715	0.970	0.811
CESM2	[-]	192.		10.3	30.0	0.404		0.843	0.722	0.971	0.815
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	179.		-2.42	26.8	0.485		0.893	0.732	0.968	0.831
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	183.		1.86	30.6	0.582		0.872	0.703	0.961	0.810
MeanCMIP6	[-]	187.		5.39	22.8	0.437		0.895	0.776	0.971	0.854
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	186.		4.72	28.0	0.485		0.871	0.727	0.968	0.823
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	186.		4.41	27.3	0.469		0.894	0.729	0.967	0.830
NorESM2-LM	[-]	192.		10.3	29.9	0.469		0.842	0.722	0.967	0.813
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	190.		9.05	29.2	0.501		0.851	0.725	0.967	0.817

Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: SW_IN_F