Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	70.9
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	89.5	89.6	70.9				18.7	21.2	2.14		0.317	0.493	0.709	0.506	0.503
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	85.1	85.0	70.9				14.2	17.5	1.96		0.471	0.539	0.729	0.435	0.543
CanESM5	[-]	77.8	77.9	70.9				8.08	13.3	1.79		0.648	0.616	0.759	0.524	0.633
CESM2	[-]	79.1	79.0	70.9				8.49	13.1	1.96		0.645	0.571	0.737	0.566	0.618
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	86.1	86.1	70.9				15.1	17.5	1.90		0.397	0.563	0.753	0.634	0.582
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	84.6	84.6	70.9				13.9	18.7	2.08		0.565	0.461	0.721	0.248	0.491
MeanCMIP6	[-]	82.8	82.6	70.9				12.0	14.4	1.98		0.552	0.616	0.736	0.394	0.583
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	81.7	82.0	70.9				11.4	16.5	1.96		0.506	0.534	0.736	0.514	0.565
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	85.1	85.1	70.9				14.5	18.3	2.31		0.430	0.497	0.667	0.678	0.554
NorESM2-LM	[-]	79.0	79.0	70.9				8.66	13.4	1.95		0.618	0.553	0.740	0.625	0.618
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	82.6	82.5	70.9				12.0	16.5	2.04		0.562	0.510	0.732	0.484	0.560

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	68.9
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	72.1	72.1	68.9				4.48	15.5	2.11		0.315	0.418	0.639	0.959	0.550
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	68.6	68.6	68.9				0.198	14.7	1.87		0.355	0.448	0.692	0.985	0.586
CanESM5	[-]	69.2	69.0	68.9				2.84	12.7	1.60		0.378	0.472	0.762	0.962	0.609
CESM2	[-]	67.2	67.2	68.9				-0.0433	12.1	1.86		0.382	0.503	0.691	0.987	0.613
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	72.7	72.7	68.9				3.80	13.1	1.87		0.357	0.473	0.688	0.987	0.596
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	70.9	70.9	68.9				3.15	13.4	1.90		0.396	0.434	0.686	0.979	0.586
MeanCMIP6	[-]	69.1	69.1	68.9				1.53	11.4	1.78		0.410	0.545	0.697	0.989	0.637
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	68.6	68.6	68.9				1.06	14.1	1.91		0.350	0.484	0.675	0.983	0.595
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	67.4	67.4	68.9				-0.00125	14.6	1.80		0.328	0.467	0.707	0.975	0.589
NorESM2-LM	[-]	66.7	66.7	68.9				-0.318	13.1	1.87		0.366	0.486	0.687	0.975	0.600
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	69.6	69.6	68.9				2.09	14.6	2.00		0.363	0.471	0.660	0.925	0.578

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	45.0
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	40.9	40.8	45.0				-1.89	11.1	1.28		0.468	0.435	0.787	0.961	0.617
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	37.5	37.7	45.0				-6.06	11.2	1.20		0.417	0.484	0.812	0.985	0.636
CanESM5	[-]	41.2	40.7	45.0				-1.51	11.6	1.18		0.430	0.449	0.819	0.934	0.616
CESM2	[-]	40.6	40.4	45.0				-2.78	9.94	1.22		0.476	0.504	0.807	0.988	0.656
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	42.2	42.4	45.0				-2.64	8.93	1.04		0.510	0.497	0.835	0.990	0.666
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	42.4	41.7	45.0				-1.48	10.0	1.17		0.448	0.491	0.813	0.974	0.644
MeanCMIP6	[-]	38.6	38.6	45.0				-4.67	8.75	0.953		0.486	0.588	0.843	0.989	0.699
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	35.6	35.2	45.0				-7.90	12.7	1.04		0.372	0.528	0.836	0.931	0.639
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	32.5	32.5	45.0				-10.4	12.9	1.11		0.324	0.533	0.812	0.976	0.635
NorESM2-LM	[-]	40.0	39.6	45.0				-3.81	11.3	1.21		0.421	0.496	0.812	0.981	0.641
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	35.7	35.5	45.0				-7.11	11.6	1.15		0.402	0.533	0.814	0.937	0.644

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	49.2
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	55.3	55.5	49.2				6.94	16.2	1.24		0.591	0.494	0.871	0.907	0.671
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	56.2	55.9	49.2				6.72	17.5	1.14		0.583	0.480	0.876	0.895	0.663
CanESM5	[-]	55.6	55.9	49.2				8.55	16.7	1.24		0.544	0.513	0.861	0.972	0.681
CESM2	[-]	49.7	49.9	49.2				1.19	12.6	1.05		0.585	0.637	0.885	0.737	0.696
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	49.6	49.6	49.2				0.453	16.4	1.57		0.512	0.513	0.799	0.946	0.657
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	58.7	58.8	49.2				10.2	18.2	1.05		0.502	0.556	0.884	0.963	0.692
MeanCMIP6	[-]	53.1	52.7	49.2				4.04	13.2	1.00		0.596	0.618	0.896	0.809	0.708
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	50.7	50.5	49.2				1.97	16.8	1.12		0.528	0.533	0.880	0.935	0.682
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	45.5	45.8	49.2				-2.69	15.9	1.11		0.518	0.552	0.881	0.953	0.691
NorESM2-LM	[-]	50.4	50.7	49.2				2.20	13.0	1.07		0.592	0.616	0.887	0.758	0.694
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	52.1	52.1	49.2				4.06	16.3	1.19		0.527	0.545	0.868	0.968	0.690

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	79.5
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	91.3	89.4	79.5				8.91	11.9	1.99		0.275	0.474	0.685	0.955	0.573
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	81.3	83.5	79.5				1.34	13.3	2.34		0.305	0.356	0.617	0.918	0.510
CanESM5	[-]	89.2	85.1	79.5				8.43	12.3	2.11		0.307	0.507	0.681	0.962	0.593
CESM2	[-]	83.1	82.0	79.5				1.97	7.43	2.28		0.503	0.510	0.628	0.738	0.578
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	86.1	86.1	79.5				6.63	9.98	2.00		0.421	0.473	0.688	0.857	0.582
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	87.5	86.2	79.5				5.72	10.4	2.26		0.386	0.474	0.650	0.995	0.596
MeanCMIP6	[-]	84.3	84.5	79.5				4.46	8.08	1.79		0.469	0.538	0.730	0.710	0.597
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	83.5	82.8	79.5				2.52	8.66	2.39		0.451	0.462	0.612	0.948	0.587
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	87.1	86.4	79.5				6.14	9.59	1.77		0.411	0.519	0.727	0.930	0.621
NorESM2-LM	[-]	81.5	80.4	79.5				0.550	8.08	2.06		0.502	0.453	0.678	0.868	0.590
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	86.4	86.1	79.5				5.51	9.47	2.16		0.388	0.468	0.655	0.917	0.579

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	73.3
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	83.7	83.5	73.3				10.3	14.3	1.84		0.389	0.434	0.723	0.850	0.566
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	78.1	78.1	73.3				4.32	12.9	1.61		0.549	0.411	0.771	0.923	0.613
CanESM5	[-]	78.5	78.3	73.3				6.45	9.97	1.58		0.557	0.567	0.792	0.859	0.668
CESM2	[-]	72.0	71.9	73.3				-0.693	8.76	1.35		0.566	0.579	0.819	0.869	0.683
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	84.1	83.9	73.3				10.6	13.2	1.66		0.379	0.509	0.766	0.692	0.571
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	78.8	78.3	73.3				5.39	12.4	1.67		0.561	0.418	0.764	0.765	0.585
MeanCMIP6	[-]	78.0	77.8	73.3				4.84	8.54	1.36		0.602	0.587	0.814	0.668	0.651
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	76.7	76.8	73.3				3.77	10.2	1.49		0.504	0.533	0.785	0.936	0.658
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	81.3	81.5	73.3				8.18	11.8	1.64		0.453	0.502	0.773	0.884	0.623
NorESM2-LM	[-]	71.4	71.6	73.3				-0.967	8.96	1.28		0.566	0.566	0.834	0.887	0.684
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	77.7	77.8	73.3				4.80	10.3	1.66		0.593	0.501	0.759	0.679	0.607

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	82.6
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	87.7	87.9	82.6				3.73	9.81	2.21		0.193	0.367	0.648	0.905	0.496
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	78.8	78.7	82.6				-5.27	11.3	2.26		0.150	0.305	0.647	0.839	0.449
CanESM5	[-]	84.4	83.3	82.6				2.90	11.2	2.31		0.141	0.298	0.643	0.816	0.439
CESM2	[-]	83.5	83.7	82.6				1.05	6.39	2.13		0.363	0.340	0.675	0.896	0.523
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	85.3	85.3	82.6				2.73	7.24	1.95		0.343	0.390	0.709	0.998	0.566
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	85.8	85.6	82.6				1.95	7.41	2.04		0.310	0.369	0.687	0.975	0.542
MeanCMIP6	[-]	83.5	83.6	82.6				0.663	6.38	2.01		0.319	0.400	0.694	0.966	0.556
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	89.5	89.0	82.6				5.76	9.65	2.33		0.212	0.342	0.629	0.997	0.504
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	84.1	83.9	82.6				-0.537	8.40	2.10		0.275	0.414	0.678	0.862	0.529
NorESM2-LM	[-]	80.4	80.3	82.6				-2.11	7.89	2.09		0.295	0.269	0.682	0.913	0.486
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	82.8	82.6	82.6				-1.06	7.54	2.15		0.264	0.360	0.674	0.975	0.527

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	72.3
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	69.6	69.6	72.3				-1.59	12.2	1.78		0.371	0.337	0.730	0.897	0.535
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	67.1	67.1	72.3				-5.05	10.8	1.43		0.371	0.390	0.796	0.974	0.584
CanESM5	[-]	72.5	72.4	72.3				2.74	13.3	1.55		0.327	0.351	0.777	0.895	0.540
CESM2	[-]	66.3	66.3	72.3				-4.24	9.46	1.30		0.403	0.443	0.817	0.920	0.605
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	73.3	73.4	72.3				1.08	9.33	1.22		0.459	0.379	0.828	0.998	0.609
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	71.1	70.5	72.3				-0.792	9.77	1.53		0.464	0.353	0.783	0.984	0.588
MeanCMIP6	[-]	69.2	69.2	72.3				-1.96	7.35	1.21		0.485	0.476	0.828	0.991	0.651
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	72.6	72.4	72.3				0.868	10.7	1.46		0.379	0.422	0.787	0.905	0.583
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	68.3	68.3	72.3				-3.60	10.6	1.38		0.378	0.399	0.800	0.930	0.581
NorESM2-LM	[-]	65.0	65.0	72.3				-5.57	10.1	1.27		0.386	0.427	0.823	0.919	0.596
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	68.0	67.6	72.3				-3.51	9.25	1.45		0.437	0.431	0.787	0.939	0.605

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	71.9
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	94.6	94.4	71.8				22.8	27.4	3.15		0.307	0.427	0.494	0.461	0.423
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	91.6	91.6	71.8				20.4	24.2	3.03		0.378	0.498	0.520	0.471	0.473
CanESM5	[-]	84.3	84.2	71.8				13.6	18.8	2.46		0.559	0.534	0.625	0.510	0.553
CESM2	[-]	90.8	90.6	71.8				19.3	24.3	3.08		0.379	0.434	0.510	0.607	0.473
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	91.7	91.7	71.8				19.9	24.0	2.99		0.403	0.489	0.535	0.345	0.452
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	89.5	89.4	71.8				18.0	24.0	3.00		0.481	0.436	0.524	0.279	0.431
MeanCMIP6	[-]	91.0	90.9	71.9				19.6	23.7	3.10		0.407	0.479	0.506	0.362	0.446
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	89.7	89.5	71.8				18.5	24.8	3.41		0.417	0.427	0.435	0.430	0.427
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	93.5	93.5	71.8				22.4	28.0	3.23		0.325	0.414	0.480	0.701	0.467
NorESM2-LM	[-]	92.2	91.6	71.8				20.6	25.3	3.11		0.350	0.424	0.503	0.649	0.470
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	94.1	94.1	71.8				22.8	28.4	3.28		0.334	0.386	0.473	0.581	0.432

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [%]	Model Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (intersection) [%]	Model Period Mean (complement) [%]	Benchmark Period Mean (complement) [%]		Bias [%]	RMSE [%]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Spatial Distribution Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	60.9
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	69.1	69.1	60.9				8.88	14.8	1.44		0.534	0.474	0.816	0.830	0.626
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	68.8	68.8	60.9				7.57	16.1	1.37		0.546	0.464	0.834	0.729	0.607
CanESM5	[-]	70.5	70.0	60.9				10.3	15.0	1.16		0.518	0.557	0.872	0.817	0.664
CESM2	[-]	61.3	61.3	60.9				1.17	13.0	1.33		0.494	0.568	0.827	0.735	0.639
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	71.3	71.2	60.9				10.3	14.6	1.41		0.499	0.540	0.819	0.834	0.646
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	72.0	71.9	60.9				11.0	17.0	1.21		0.502	0.523	0.856	0.719	0.625
MeanCMIP6	[-]	67.7	67.5	60.9				7.02	12.1	0.993		0.594	0.618	0.895	0.652	0.675
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	65.8	65.6	60.9				5.23	14.7	1.13		0.487	0.558	0.880	0.942	0.685
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	66.1	66.1	60.9				5.70	13.4	1.17		0.579	0.501	0.866	0.865	0.663
NorESM2-LM	[-]	61.2	61.2	60.9				0.876	13.0	1.23		0.504	0.553	0.850	0.738	0.640
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	68.8	68.8	60.9				8.44	15.5	1.60		0.507	0.503	0.788	0.745	0.609

Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

CRU time series (TS) high-resolution gridded datasets

  Version:

4.02

  Institutions:

Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK

  Source:

monthly observations at meteorological stations across the world land areas

  History:

2019-05-06: downloaded source from https://crudata.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/cru_ts_4.02/

2019-05-08: estimate saturated vapor pressure using temperature

2019-05-08: calculate relative humidity using saturated vapor pressure and vapor pressure

2019-05-08: converted to ILAMB required netCDF with https://github.com/mmu2019/Datasets/blob/master/read-rhums-cru.py

  References:

Harris, I., P.D. Jones, T.J. Osborn and D.H. Lister (2014), Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations - the CRU TS3.10 Dataset, International Journal of Climatology, 34(3), 623-642, doi:10.1002/joc.3711

WMO CIMO Guide (2008), ANNEX 4.B. FORMULAE FOR THE COMPUTATION OF MEASURES OF HUMIDITY, MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY, Chapter 4, 163, https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=3151

  Comments:

time_period: 1980-01 through 2017-12

original_temporal_resolution: monthly

original_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

original_units: hPa

final_temporal_resolution: monthly

final_spatial_resolution: 0.5 degree

final_units: %

  Convention:

CF-1.7