Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	27.2
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	17.1		-10.1	23.5	1.02		0.605	0.465	0.899	0.609
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	17.4		-9.78	27.5	1.87		0.576	0.429	0.781	0.554
CanESM5	[-]	17.8		-9.47	23.1	0.933		0.639	0.485	0.920	0.632
CESM2	[-]	26.1		-1.13	20.2	0.635		0.723	0.486	0.949	0.661
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	8.82		-18.4	29.6	1.02		0.428	0.446	0.914	0.559
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	23.5		-3.69	23.4	1.10		0.711	0.429	0.923	0.623
MeanCMIP6	[-]	19.3		-7.97	20.1	0.635		0.663	0.518	0.954	0.663
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	8.88		-18.3	27.0	0.805		0.466	0.479	0.909	0.583
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	25.0		-2.25	25.0	0.212		0.658	0.425	0.988	0.624
NorESM2-LM	[-]	28.0		0.804	24.0	0.592		0.687	0.477	0.963	0.651
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	20.2		-7.03	21.3	0.339		0.630	0.502	0.974	0.652

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	30.6
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	28.2		-2.45	28.4	1.46		0.639	0.381	0.797	0.549
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	28.8		-1.78	33.0	1.62		0.584	0.347	0.783	0.515
CanESM5	[-]	28.0		-2.62	27.6	1.38		0.641	0.399	0.845	0.571
CESM2	[-]	34.6		4.00	26.7	1.17		0.664	0.412	0.862	0.588
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	18.7		-12.0	30.5	1.56		0.511	0.390	0.792	0.521
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	29.4		-1.20	27.5	1.46		0.662	0.387	0.823	0.565
MeanCMIP6	[-]	28.1		-2.49	25.1	1.22		0.646	0.438	0.852	0.594
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	21.3		-9.37	29.6	1.31		0.548	0.399	0.826	0.543
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	32.7		2.07	34.3	1.55		0.571	0.325	0.783	0.501
NorESM2-LM	[-]	34.5		3.89	27.4	1.28		0.651	0.409	0.831	0.575
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	28.5		-2.13	27.2	1.25		0.628	0.404	0.852	0.572

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	60.7
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	60.7		0.0231	39.5	1.57		0.573	0.396	0.821	0.547
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	67.2		6.52	46.1	1.91		0.510	0.335	0.757	0.484
CanESM5	[-]	57.7		-3.03	34.0	1.01		0.566	0.395	0.930	0.572
CESM2	[-]	70.8		10.1	31.4	1.47		0.673	0.431	0.830	0.591
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	58.6		-2.10	40.8	1.58		0.486	0.378	0.829	0.518
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	60.2		-0.447	40.2	1.69		0.502	0.381	0.824	0.522
MeanCMIP6	[-]	61.0		0.307	35.5	1.24		0.530	0.439	0.882	0.573
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	58.8		-1.88	37.3	1.46		0.484	0.446	0.862	0.560
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	70.6		9.88	50.6	2.81		0.462	0.296	0.577	0.408
NorESM2-LM	[-]	61.0		0.312	37.5	1.58		0.547	0.396	0.833	0.543
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	58.8		-1.88	36.2	1.46		0.545	0.407	0.824	0.546

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	58.5
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	63.0		4.51	30.5	0.729		0.649	0.385	0.953	0.593
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	63.7		5.18	34.9	0.726		0.687	0.331	0.953	0.576
CanESM5	[-]	51.8		-6.73	28.4	0.583		0.633	0.417	0.960	0.607
CESM2	[-]	62.0		3.53	25.8	0.581		0.707	0.459	0.966	0.648
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	54.5		-4.05	30.0	0.729		0.731	0.407	0.953	0.624
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	52.9		-5.57	31.6	1.31		0.624	0.378	0.870	0.563
MeanCMIP6	[-]	57.7		-0.849	24.8	0.581		0.727	0.462	0.966	0.654
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	57.1		-1.36	24.4	0.290		0.738	0.440	0.979	0.649
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	66.0		7.50	33.4	0.729		0.716	0.319	0.953	0.577
NorESM2-LM	[-]	59.1		0.601	26.1	1.16		0.727	0.436	0.876	0.619
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	57.0		-1.47	25.7	0.436		0.701	0.478	0.973	0.658

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	24.8
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	19.0		-5.84	26.1	1.71		0.649	0.407	0.720	0.546
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	17.3		-7.49	30.4	1.96		0.597	0.360	0.713	0.508
CanESM5	[-]	19.4		-5.43	24.8	1.53		0.638	0.431	0.804	0.576
CESM2	[-]	27.1		2.25	25.5	1.23		0.663	0.426	0.831	0.587
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	6.71		-18.1	29.2	2.01		0.431	0.415	0.666	0.482
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	23.1		-1.72	27.3	1.68		0.661	0.380	0.760	0.545
MeanCMIP6	[-]	18.5		-6.35	23.1	1.48		0.638	0.455	0.795	0.586
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	13.3		-11.5	27.0	1.71		0.565	0.419	0.712	0.529
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	16.8		-7.98	28.0	1.81		0.616	0.390	0.759	0.539
NorESM2-LM	[-]	27.8		2.99	25.6	1.36		0.650	0.422	0.788	0.571
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	19.2		-5.58	25.0	1.56		0.627	0.418	0.782	0.561

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	32.1
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	30.3		-1.73	14.8	0.00		0.907	0.468	1.00	0.711
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	16.9		-15.2	22.0	0.00		0.455	0.473	1.00	0.600
CanESM5	[-]	30.1		-1.93	14.7	0.00		0.898	0.484	1.00	0.716
CESM2	[-]	30.6		-1.45	13.7	0.00		0.921	0.501	1.00	0.731
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	24.5		-7.52	18.5	1.02		0.670	0.432	0.933	0.617
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	28.9		-3.12	17.2	0.00		0.843	0.429	1.00	0.675
MeanCMIP6	[-]	17.7		-14.4	21.8	0.00		0.473	0.472	1.00	0.604
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	3.77		-28.3	34.5	0.00		0.240	0.404	1.00	0.512
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	26.5		-5.52	20.9	0.00		0.744	0.353	1.00	0.612
NorESM2-LM	[-]	30.8		-1.29	14.4	1.02		0.929	0.490	0.933	0.710
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	16.3		-15.7	23.4	1.02		0.442	0.467	0.933	0.577

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	38.0
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	46.2		8.15	29.7	1.16		0.610	0.271	0.873	0.506
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	53.1		15.0	31.7	0.873		0.419	0.289	0.910	0.476
CanESM5	[-]	44.0		6.01	33.5	0.916		0.609	0.259	0.907	0.509
CESM2	[-]	46.5		8.51	27.6	1.11		0.497	0.299	0.872	0.492
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	36.9		-1.14	26.3	1.49		0.602	0.304	0.828	0.509
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	38.8		0.715	25.7	1.30		0.637	0.325	0.868	0.539
MeanCMIP6	[-]	46.1		8.09	24.9	1.11		0.593	0.357	0.864	0.543
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	27.7		-10.3	29.5	0.868		0.407	0.310	0.927	0.489
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	61.5		23.5	48.3	1.64		0.258	0.185	0.791	0.355
NorESM2-LM	[-]	45.0		6.99	29.7	1.35		0.582	0.300	0.821	0.501
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	44.3		6.29	31.8	1.26		0.497	0.266	0.837	0.467

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.19
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	9.58		6.39	27.8	1.14		0.885	0.555	1.26	0.814
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	-7.69		-10.9	22.2	0.508		0.338	0.391	1.01	0.532
CanESM5	[-]	4.59		1.40	25.8	2.41		0.891	0.541	1.11	0.771
CESM2	[-]	6.17		2.99	24.8	0.885		0.780	0.570	1.29	0.803
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	11.7		8.48	27.4	1.26		1.24	0.510	1.39	0.912
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	4.64		1.45	25.6	1.39		0.941	0.411	1.18	0.735
MeanCMIP6	[-]	6.28		3.10	24.4	1.14		0.895	0.549	1.33	0.830
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	7.15		3.96	28.9	1.14		0.779	0.571	1.33	0.811
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	-0.532		-3.72	22.1	0.508		0.711	0.392	1.01	0.625
NorESM2-LM	[-]	5.86		2.68	26.4	1.78		0.838	0.564	1.35	0.830
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	9.60		6.41	24.6	1.77		1.09	0.480	1.03	0.770

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [W m-2]		Bias [W m-2]	RMSE [W m-2]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	31.4
ACCESS-ESM1-5	[-]	31.2		-0.243	32.1	1.66		0.659	0.367	0.752	0.536
BCC-CSM2-MR	[-]	33.3		1.89	37.8	1.64		0.649	0.333	0.755	0.518
CanESM5	[-]	32.2		0.796	30.6	1.66		0.670	0.392	0.781	0.558
CESM2	[-]	38.1		6.73	31.0	1.49		0.695	0.403	0.837	0.584
GFDL-ESM4	[-]	21.3		-10.1	33.7	1.49		0.521	0.382	0.798	0.521
IPSL-CM6A-LR	[-]	31.7		0.334	28.5	1.50		0.701	0.408	0.811	0.582
MeanCMIP6	[-]	31.7		0.339	28.5	1.39		0.690	0.424	0.825	0.591
MIROC-ESM2L	[-]	26.2		-5.15	33.8	1.44		0.605	0.369	0.811	0.538
MPI-ESM1.2-HR	[-]	38.5		7.10	39.7	1.82		0.622	0.298	0.745	0.490
NorESM2-LM	[-]	38.3		6.87	29.9	1.41		0.671	0.413	0.814	0.578
UKESM1-0-LL	[-]	32.1		0.733	30.1	1.31		0.692	0.396	0.862	0.587

Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: H_F_MDS