Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.13
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	2.79		0.663	2.27	0.255		0.667	0.470	0.982	0.648
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	2.73		0.604	1.94	0.382		0.713	0.510	0.974	0.677
CLM-Princeton	[-]	3.35		1.22	2.66	0.806		0.653	0.431	0.947	0.616
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	1.41		-0.714	1.49	0.257		0.686	0.588	0.971	0.708
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	1.34		-0.785	1.57	0.172		0.661	0.576	0.973	0.697
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	1.80		-0.332	1.49	0.256		0.724	0.581	0.961	0.712
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	2.66		0.530	2.15	0.256		0.693	0.454	0.970	0.643
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	2.24		0.108	1.72	0.256		0.753	0.518	0.970	0.690
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	2.62		0.487	2.18	0.214		0.699	0.456	0.974	0.646
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	2.32		0.196	1.62	0.128		0.746	0.552	0.991	0.710
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	2.14		0.0152	1.45	0.170		0.777	0.580	0.990	0.732
Mean-Princeton	[-]	2.65		0.516	1.84	0.169		0.726	0.526	0.987	0.691

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.36
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	3.11		-0.234	2.59	0.865		0.625	0.462	0.896	0.611
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	2.78		-0.563	2.62	1.01		0.575	0.464	0.884	0.597
CLM-Princeton	[-]	3.37		0.0330	2.70	0.969		0.632	0.447	0.879	0.602
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	2.60		-0.754	2.50	1.03		0.595	0.465	0.873	0.600
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	2.49		-0.865	2.57	1.13		0.564	0.457	0.847	0.581
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	3.10		-0.275	2.56	1.05		0.619	0.448	0.854	0.592
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	3.05		-0.282	2.81	0.937		0.607	0.418	0.906	0.587
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	3.17		-0.159	2.55	0.795		0.644	0.446	0.891	0.607
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	3.10		-0.235	2.75	0.966		0.631	0.424	0.882	0.590
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	2.88		-0.466	2.36	0.903		0.622	0.484	0.894	0.621
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	2.77		-0.579	2.34	0.939		0.612	0.485	0.882	0.616
Mean-Princeton	[-]	3.16		-0.197	2.42	0.900		0.646	0.469	0.877	0.615

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	2.06
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	1.37		-0.552	2.11	1.68		0.515	0.333	0.837	0.504
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	1.14		-0.784	2.13	1.57		0.457	0.345	0.848	0.499
CLM-Princeton	[-]	1.36		-0.634	2.47	1.51		0.510	0.312	0.875	0.502
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	1.29		-0.636	1.89	1.68		0.604	0.340	0.839	0.531
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	1.34		-0.583	2.02	1.91		0.476	0.318	0.772	0.471
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	1.52		-0.454	2.48	1.76		0.510	0.271	0.854	0.476
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	0.849		-1.28	2.35	1.89		0.396	0.328	0.782	0.458
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	1.00		-1.12	2.39	1.64		0.441	0.297	0.831	0.466
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	0.810		-1.31	2.46	2.15		0.402	0.302	0.722	0.432
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	1.10		-0.828	1.97	1.79		0.477	0.356	0.827	0.504
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	1.16		-0.767	2.03	1.68		0.563	0.335	0.836	0.518
Mean-Princeton	[-]	1.13		-0.866	2.30	1.89		0.520	0.312	0.814	0.489

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.963
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	1.66		0.656	1.63	0.726		0.680	0.257	0.963	0.539
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	1.50		0.500	1.53	0.871		0.578	0.246	0.937	0.502
CLM-Princeton	[-]	1.61		0.652	1.64	0.871		0.745	0.259	0.933	0.549
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	1.09		0.0869	1.04	0.581		0.607	0.400	0.948	0.589
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	1.04		0.0449	1.22	0.871		0.542	0.367	0.936	0.553
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	1.15		0.184	1.34	1.16		0.610	0.379	0.931	0.575
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	0.860		-0.140	1.44	3.93		0.620	0.239	0.444	0.386
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	0.891		-0.109	1.31	0.145		0.552	0.329	0.997	0.552
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	0.634		-0.366	1.35	3.79		0.557	0.279	0.471	0.397
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	1.14		0.140	1.08	0.290		0.668	0.364	0.989	0.596
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	1.21		0.215	1.15	0.871		0.584	0.356	0.959	0.563
Mean-Princeton	[-]	1.14		0.172	1.15	0.726		0.695	0.359	0.961	0.593

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.73
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	3.21		-0.543	2.36	0.531		0.718	0.553	0.952	0.694
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	2.68		-1.07	2.60	0.617		0.649	0.542	0.955	0.672
CLM-Princeton	[-]	3.48		-0.248	2.47	0.669		0.698	0.537	0.948	0.680
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	2.62		-1.13	2.53	0.719		0.646	0.542	0.925	0.664
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	2.49		-1.27	2.63	0.747		0.627	0.543	0.921	0.658
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	3.17		-0.573	2.47	0.642		0.686	0.539	0.921	0.671
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	3.80		0.0441	2.72	0.517		0.699	0.493	0.952	0.659
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	3.99		0.231	2.46	0.428		0.741	0.529	0.959	0.690
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	3.86		0.103	2.61	0.487		0.722	0.506	0.946	0.670
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	3.11		-0.626	2.17	0.466		0.723	0.576	0.954	0.707
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	2.97		-0.765	2.21	0.408		0.714	0.580	0.962	0.709
Mean-Princeton	[-]	3.40		-0.330	2.26	0.472		0.720	0.557	0.953	0.696

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	6.58
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	8.41		1.83	3.20	2.55		0.448	0.343	0.552	0.421
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	7.95		1.36	3.16	3.57		0.546	0.284	0.369	0.371
CLM-Princeton	[-]	8.02		1.43	3.10	3.57		0.529	0.294	0.369	0.372
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	10.3		3.75	4.35	1.53		0.203	0.414	0.829	0.465
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	9.06		2.48	4.01	4.55		0.341	0.245	0.168	0.250
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	9.76		3.18	4.48	4.55		0.255	0.233	0.168	0.222
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	10.2		3.57	4.62	1.53		0.218	0.376	0.774	0.436
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	8.99		2.41	3.84	4.55		0.351	0.273	0.222	0.280
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	9.38		2.80	3.96	4.55		0.299	0.271	0.151	0.248
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	10.3		3.75	4.35	1.53		0.203	0.414	0.829	0.465
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	9.06		2.48	4.01	4.55		0.341	0.245	0.168	0.250
Mean-Princeton	[-]	9.76		3.18	4.48	4.55		0.255	0.233	0.168	0.222

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	5.03
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	5.68		0.778	3.08	1.77		0.461	0.364	0.710	0.475
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	5.04		0.140	3.06	1.92		0.351	0.367	0.680	0.441
CLM-Princeton	[-]	5.99		0.964	2.86	1.77		0.537	0.375	0.721	0.502
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	6.16		1.22	3.16	2.21		0.558	0.282	0.674	0.449
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	5.41		0.460	3.26	2.50		0.422	0.268	0.612	0.393
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	6.74		1.61	3.55	2.22		0.504	0.264	0.657	0.422
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	5.93		0.877	3.37	1.58		0.587	0.232	0.832	0.471
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	5.30		0.248	3.10	2.02		0.535	0.233	0.686	0.422
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	5.86		0.802	3.25	1.73		0.622	0.226	0.768	0.461
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	5.99		1.04	2.88	1.96		0.520	0.333	0.737	0.481
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	5.35		0.403	2.82	2.11		0.434	0.324	0.687	0.442
Mean-Princeton	[-]	6.40		1.31	2.92	2.06		0.547	0.345	0.721	0.490

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	0.833
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	1.02		0.225	1.87	1.76		0.660	0.251	0.753	0.479
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	0.927		0.130	1.90	2.39		0.645	0.243	0.680	0.453
CLM-Princeton	[-]	1.35		0.634	2.37	0.440		0.606	0.198	0.972	0.493
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	0.273		-0.524	1.04	1.76		0.640	0.478	0.758	0.589
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	0.267		-0.530	1.14	1.89		0.639	0.441	0.753	0.568
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	0.276		-0.526	1.13	1.87		0.650	0.450	0.730	0.570
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	0.624		-0.193	1.09	0.853		0.726	0.427	0.968	0.637
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	0.847		0.0297	1.32	0.850		0.670	0.377	0.975	0.600
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	0.604		-0.213	1.07	1.36		0.698	0.443	0.962	0.637
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	0.591		-0.206	1.15	1.89		0.744	0.408	0.753	0.578
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	0.598		-0.199	1.27	1.64		0.673	0.385	0.758	0.550
Mean-Princeton	[-]	0.709		-0.0607	1.18	0.440		0.767	0.402	0.971	0.635

	Download Data	Period Mean (original grids) [g m-2 d-1]		Bias [g m-2 d-1]	RMSE [g m-2 d-1]	Phase Shift [months]		Bias Score [1]	RMSE Score [1]	Seasonal Cycle Score [1]	Overall Score [1]
Benchmark	[-]	3.46
CLM-CRUJRA	[-]	2.75		-0.722	3.04	0.904		0.593	0.424	0.917	0.589
CLM-GSWP3	[-]	2.58		-0.887	3.00	1.07		0.562	0.435	0.906	0.584
CLM-Princeton	[-]	2.95		-0.535	3.06	1.02		0.603	0.407	0.882	0.575
ISBA-CTRIP-CRUJRA	[-]	2.20		-1.27	2.96	1.13		0.550	0.444	0.888	0.582
ISBA-CTRIP-GSWP3	[-]	2.31		-1.16	2.97	1.19		0.552	0.441	0.886	0.580
ISBA-CTRIP-Princeton	[-]	2.84		-0.650	2.98	1.11		0.594	0.419	0.883	0.579
JSBACH-CRUJRA	[-]	2.00		-1.47	3.46	1.10		0.499	0.392	0.886	0.542
JSBACH-GSWP3	[-]	2.55		-0.916	3.18	1.06		0.555	0.421	0.901	0.574
JSBACH-Princeton	[-]	2.20		-1.27	3.43	1.08		0.529	0.400	0.892	0.555
Mean-CRUJRA	[-]	2.25		-1.22	2.93	1.13		0.553	0.449	0.885	0.584
Mean-GSWP3	[-]	2.35		-1.12	2.89	1.11		0.556	0.459	0.903	0.595
Mean-Princeton	[-]	2.56		-0.925	2.88	1.11		0.611	0.439	0.877	0.592

Boreal forest Global - Land Subtropical desert Temperate grassland/desert Temperate rain forest Temperate seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Tropical seasonal forest/savanna Tundra Woodland/shrubland Temporally integrated period mean Temporally integrated period mean bias Temporally integrated period mean bias score Temporally integrated period mean max month Temporally integrated mean phase shift Temporally integrated mean phase shift score Temporally integrated period mean rmse Temporally integrated period mean rmse score Spatially integrated regional mean cycle Spatially integrated regional mean detrended cycle Spatially integrated regional mean

  Title:

FluxNet Tower eddy covariance measurements (Tier 1)

  Version:

2015

  Institutions:

FluxNet, AmeriFlux, AfriFlux, AsiaFlux, ChinaFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, KoFlux, CarboAfrica, CarboEuropeIP, CarboItaly, CarboMont, GreenGrass, OzFlux-TERN, LBA, NECC, ICOS, TCOS-Siberia, and USCCC

  References:

Reichstein, M., D. Papale, R. Valentini, M. Aubinet, C. Bernhofer, A. Knohl, T. Laurila, A. Lindroth, E. Moors, K. Pilegaard, and G. Seufert (2007), Determinants of terrestrialecosystem carbon balance inferred from European eddy covarianceflux sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L01402, doi:10.1029/2006GL027880

Lasslop, G., M. Reichstein, D. Papale, A.D. Richardson, A. Arneth, A. Barr, P. Stoy, and G. Wohlfahrt (2010), Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation, Global Change Biology, 16, 187-208, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02041.x

Knauer, J., S. Zaehle, B.E. Medlyn, M. Reichstein, C.A. Williams, M. Migliavacca, M.G. De Kauwe, C. Werner, C. Keitel, P. Kolari, J.-M. Limousin, and M.-L. Linderson (2018), Towards physiologically meaningful water use efficiency estimates from eddy covariance data, Global Change Biology, 24(2), 694-710, doi:10.1111/gcb.13893

  Comment:

Fluxnet variable(s) used: GPP_DT_VUT_REF